Acid-base status and electrolyte alterations associated with diarrhea in non-suckling horses |
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| Authors: | E.A. Wilson DVM MS R.A. Green DVM PhD |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania Cannizzaro Hospital, Via Messina 829, 95126 Catania, Italy;2. Catheterization Laboratory and Cardiovascular Interventional Unit, Division of Cardiology, University of Catania, Cannizzaro Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Via Messina 829, 95126 Catania, Italy;3. Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 15 Rue Djebel Akhdhar, La Rabta, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia;4. CNR IBIM, Via Petrara c/o Ospedali Riuniti, 89100 Reggio Calabria, Italy;5. Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål PB 4956 Nydalen, NO-0424, Oslo, Norway;1. Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;2. Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;3. Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado”, Barquisimeto, Venezuela;4. Medical and Surgical Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain |
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| Abstract: | A retrospective search of medical records of 56 adult horses with diarrhea of variable duration disclosed a variety of blood gas and electrolyte abnormalities at the time of admission. The acid-base and electrolyte disturbances were analyzed and classified according to the duration of diarrhea. In horses with acute diarrhea (duration <6 days) the most common disorder was combined anion gap metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis (72%)characterized by significant hyponatremia, hypochloridemia, and hyperkalemia. The most severe acidemia was found in horses with diarrheas of intermediate duration (1–2 weeks). In this group hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis was commonly found (43%). In horses with diarrhea of long duration (>4 weeks) blood gas and electrolyte values were usually within normal limits. Although the above findings suggest differing therapeutic approaches might be based on the duration of the diarrhea, many cases differed markedly from the mean with respect to their underlying disturbances and, therefore, optimal fluid therapy should be based on the patient's blood gas and electrolyte status. |
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