中国和澳大利亚的气候比较研究

针对区域尺度气候分类系统不兼容所导致的气候匹配失准问题,首先假设中国和澳大利亚的气候分类系统具有兼容性,利用中国气候分类系统对两地进行气候区划,根据结果与现有气候区划的差异验证两国的气候分类系统是否具有不兼容性.结果表明两国的气候分类系统互不兼容,因而根据两国各自系统生成的气候区划不具有类比匹配的合理性.特别是在澳大利亚被视为温带的大部分地区在中国普遍被划为亚热带地区,是导致引种时冻害的原因之一.为克服系统不兼容所带来的问题,提取两国气候数据库中所共有的气候因子的栅格数据集成为一个以气候因子为属性的点阵数组,通过聚类分析形成具有15个气候类型的综合兼容的数值气候分类模型.各类型的气候因子平均值经矩阵转换构成三维相似空间,分别以三原色的色调代表各气候类型在不同维上的相似距离,用GIS以合成色彩表示各气候类型的空间相似程度.综合区划确认澳大利亚气候在同纬度相对更加温暖.两国共有的气候类型在相对面积上均不平衡,但在最相近的气候类型下存在着资源丰富区和潜在引种区的互补关系.结论同时指出应当重视气候类型内不同雨型的影响.

Comparison of Climate Similarity between Australia and China Using Numerical Classification Analysis

Climate matching is a useful method to predict the suitable areas for exotic tree species to be planted. In most cases such work is mostly dependent on compatible climate zones, otherwise the result may lead to mismatching. In order to examine mismatching caused by incompatible climatic classifications between Australia and China, the climate zones were developed for both countries according to unique classification of China. Visual check approved significant differences between new developed and currently used climate zones of Australia as a result of incompatible classifications, particularly in identifying most temperate climate into subtropical climate. A compatible classification model with 15 groups was derived from a joint climate dataset of two countries with nine climatic variables in grid format using numerical clustering analysis. The spatial similarity of groups were displayed by GIS using compound of three primary colors to represent three dimension configuration of group similarity transformed from intra-group climatic variable mean matrix. Among the 15 groups in respect of climatic types seven groups were located only in China, others were shared by Australia and China. Although resultant maps indicated the unbalanced relative areas of shared climatic types in Australia and China, the most similar types were promisingly complementary to each other country, in richness of tree resources and potential planting areas. The difference of rainfall regimes within developed climatic types in Australia should be high lighted. The potential of climate matching was discussed not only for exotic tree species introduction but also for native tree species management and ecosystem security assessment.