不同植被配置模式对福建紫金山金铜矿废弃地土壤质量的恢复效果

为了了解植物治理措施对福建紫金山金铜矿矿山废弃地土壤质量的恢复效果,设置不同植被治理模式：马尾松＋胡枝子（模式A）、马尾松＋胡枝子＋香根草＋本地河滩草（模式B）、马尾松＋本地河滩草（模式C）、枫香＋本地河滩草（模式D）、桉树＋本地河滩草（模式E）和马尾松＋桉树＋本地河滩草（模式F）,同时设置矿区周边未经开采的对照样地,通过对不同配置模式下土壤理化性质的分析测定,比较其对矿山废弃地土壤质量恢复效果的差异。结果表明：恢复5 a后,不同植被配置模式土壤理化性质均有较大改善,除模式B和模式C外,其他模式土壤含水率均超过了对照,模式A、模式D、模式E和模式F分别达到对照的1.99、1.78、1.34倍和1.66倍;模式B、模式C和模式F可较快改善土壤团聚体结构,提高土壤抗蚀性;模式D可较快提高土壤各养分含量,有利于土壤营养状况的改善,恢复5 a后全N、水解N、全P和速效K分别为对照的54.98%、78.17%、63.18%和85.19%;模式F对土壤重金属Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni、Zn、Mn和Cu均有较好的修复效果;在植被配置模式中加入本地河滩草,可较大提高废弃地土壤的抗蚀能力。结合聚类分析结果可以得出,马尾松＋胡枝子＋香根草＋本地河滩草（模式B）、枫香＋本地河滩草（模式D）和马尾松＋桉树＋本地河滩草（模式F）3种模式较适合应用于紫金山矿山废弃地的植被恢复。

Restoration of Soil Quality After Mixed-species Planting on Mining Wasteland at Zijinshan Gold-Copper Mine, Fujian Province, China

The aim of this study is to examine the recovery of soil physico-chemical properties on a mining wasteland at Zijinshan gold-cop- per mine in Fujian Province, China, planted with a set of mixed species. The sets of mixed-species planted were Pinus massoniana ＋ Les- pedeza bicolor（ mixture A ）, P. massoniana ＋ L. bicolor ＋ Vetiveria zizanioides （mixture B ）, P. massoniana ＋ local flood turf（mixture C ）, L/quidambarformosana ＋ local flood turf（ mixture D ）, Eucalyptus rob usta ＋ local flood turf（mixture E ）, and P. massoniana ＋ E. robusta ＋ local flood turf（mixture F）, and the undisturbed vegetation close to the mining area served as control. After five years, soil moisture content, aggre- gate structure, nutrient and heavy metal contents and soil erosion were measured. The result showed that the soil moisture content were 1.99, 1.78, 1.34 times and 1.66 times higher on mining wastelands planted with mixtures A, D, E and F, respectively than the control; while no sig- nificant difference was observed between the control and planting mixtures B and C. The soil water stability aggregate were better on mining wasteland planted with mixtures B, C and F than others, which in turn increased resistance to soil erosion. Planting mixture D resulted in sig- nificantly higher soil nutrient content of the mining wasteland than other mixtures; total N, hydrolysable N, total P and available K contents were 54.98%, 78.17%, 63.18% and 85.19% of the control, respectively. Soil Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Mn and Cu contents were lower in mixture F than other mixtures. It can be concluded that planting a mixture of P. massoniana, L. bicolor, V. zizanioides （mixture B ）, a mixture of L. for- mosana, local flood turf（mixture D ） and a mixture of P. mass oniana, E. rob us ta, local flood turf（ mixture F） are desirable to readily restore soil physical and chemical properties on mining wasteland at Zijinshan gold-copper mine.