除草地膜在全膜双垄沟播玉米田的应用效果

覆膜至播种期土壤持续干旱条件下对2种除草地膜在全膜双垄沟播玉米田中的应用效果进行了研究。结果表明,化学除草地膜、黑色地膜和白色地膜覆盖下玉米出苗率依次为76.39%、69.44%和81.48%,三处理间差异不显著,与白色地膜相比,化学除草地膜和黑色地膜覆盖下,玉米株高略有降低,降幅依次为0.04%和3.29%;化学除草地膜、黑色地膜和白色地膜覆盖下,玉米株高整齐度依次为29.23、50.24和37.18,三者差异不显著;化学除草地膜和黑色地膜覆盖下,玉米成穗株率均略低于白色地膜,降低幅度依次为0.86%和2.72%;化学除草地膜和黑色地膜均较白色地膜有一定的增产作用,增产幅度分别为9.71%和10.56%;化学除草地膜的株防效和鲜重防效分别为4.38%和23.09%,黑色地膜的株防效和鲜重防效分别为96.72%和99.20%,两者差异极显著。黑色地膜在全膜双垄沟播玉米栽培中具有较大的应用价值,化学除草地膜在土壤持续干旱条件下不宜推广。

Effect of functional films on corn fields with whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges

Euwallacea fornicatus (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) is a serious pest of Acer buergerianum and Platanus acerifolia in Kunming, Yunnan Province. In recent years, it has caused great injury to the hosts, and many branches even trees die of it. In order to reveal its injury and occurrence, we investigated distribution of the holes bit by the borer on different stem of the host and injury dynamics during recent years. The results showed that the average percentage of the holes on the stem at 50-100 cm, 100-150 cm, and 150-200 cm above ground were 10.81%, 37.01% and 47.76%, respectively. The stems at 100-200 cm above ground were mostly attacked by the borer. In recent 3 years, the damage ratio increased by 7.5% and the damage index increased by 6.3. The pest management strategies and control calendar were also put forward in this paper. It suggests that pest monitoring should be done on the stem at 100-200 cm above ground, and the painting height should be changed to 2 m when lime water are painted on the stem during the winter. And developing attractant for the borer should play an important role in the pest monitoring and controlling.