甘蔗的硫营养与土壤硫素平衡研究

广西甘蔗种植区气温和降雨量均较高,土壤风化和淋溶作用强烈,土壤中磷、钾、硫和阳离子代换量均较低。有近1/3面积土壤全硫含量和有效硫含量低,硫素供给不足;有近1/2面积土壤全硫含量和有效硫含量处于中等水平,随着甘蔗生产的不断发展,广西甘蔗种植区土壤有较大面积正面临着缺硫和潜在缺硫的影响。相对于不施硫肥处理,甘蔗施用硫肥的单位面积有效茎数和单茎重均有所增加,平均增产5.24%~9.43%,过磷酸钙中硫的增产效果和后效均低于含硫磷铵。甘蔗施用硫肥还能提高蔗糖分和纤维分,经济效益显著,其产出与投入比(VCR)为18.20~20.23,其中以施用含硫磷铵效益最佳。甘蔗施用硫肥能显著增加植株各部位的硫含量,但叶片的硫含量高于蔗茎;随着施硫量的增加,甘蔗对硫素的吸收量也增加,每公顷甘蔗的吸硫量达到44.1~67.0 kg;根据养分平衡分析,不施硫肥的甘蔗每年硫养分亏缺23.80 kg/hm2。

Sulphur nutrient of sugarcane and balance of sulphur on soil

The area of planting sugarcane was located at subtropic and tropic region in Guangxi.This areas had a character of high temperature,heavy rainfall and leaching.It results that decomposition course of soil mineral was strongly and low cation exchange capacity(CEC),low organic matter and low in phosphorus(P),potassium(K) and sulphur(S) in The sulphur nutrition was usually supplied insufficiently for sugarcane growth.Nearly 50 % sugarcane planting regions of the soil total sulphur of and available sulphur were under the medium level.With the improvement of production of the sugarcane,the soil nutrition will influence and limit sugarcane yield.After application of sulphur fertilizer,the available stem,single stem weight increased 5.24 %-9.43 % of sugarcane yield than that without applied sulphur fertilizer treatment.It still could improve the cane sugar and fibre content.And the sugarcane could obtain better economic benefits to use the sulphur phosphorus ammonium,it was 18.2-20.23 with output/input(VCR) to use the sulphur fertilizer.The amount of sulphur absorped by the sugarcane reaches 44.1-67 kg/ha.In the treatment with no sulphur fertilizer,the annual sulphur nutrient loss will be 23.80 kg/ha because sugarcane yield uptake from the field.