稻曲病菌致病机制研究进展

 稻曲病是一种水稻穗部病害,在世界各水稻主产区均有发生,已成为世界性病害,在我国也属于水稻主要病害之一。稻曲病的发生严重影响水稻产量和稻米品质。研究其病原菌致病机制,对找寻防治药物的特异性靶标具有重要作用,可为抗病分子育种提供新的思路,为稻曲病菌防治药剂研发提供新的靶标。本文综述了稻曲病菌侵染过程、致病相关基因功能研究、水稻响应稻曲病菌侵染等方面的研究进展,提出进一步研究的策略。现有研究表明,稻曲病菌能成功侵染水稻孕穗期雄蕊的花丝引起发病。病原菌可通过抑制多个水稻免疫途径实现成功侵染;还可模仿胚珠受精激活水稻灌浆、糖代谢等途径为稻曲球的形成提供营养物质;全基因组测序完成和基因编辑技术在基因敲除中的成功应用,为稻曲病菌功能基因研究提供了很好的基础。稻曲病菌独特的侵染过程和营养利用机制是未来研究的重要方向。

Research progress of pathogenic mechanism of rice false smut fungus Villosiclava virens

Villosiclava virens, an ascomycete fungus, is the causal agent of rice false smut (RFS) disease, which leads to quantitative and qualitative losses in rice. In recent years, RFS is prevalent in major rice-growing areas worldwide, and has been estimated to occur in one third of the rice cultivation areas in China. This review summarized the recent advances in infection processes, cloning of pathogenic related genes and the interaction between rice and V. virens. Some advices for future researches were put forward. It was found that the pathogen could invade the rice filaments of stamen at the earlier booting stage. The pathogen suppresses multiple targets in rice immunity, and mimics the pollen tubes as evidence by expression of genes associated with grains filling, sugar movement and hijack the rice nutrients reservoir. Genome sequencing and targeted deletion of functional genes with the CRISPR-Cas9 system provide great conveniences for the functional genomics researches of V. virens. Future researches may focused on the specific infection progresses and the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of the nutrients acquisition.