核桃青皮剥离过程中影响青皮剥净率和核桃破碎率的因素分析

在气候干燥炎热地区，核桃种仁成熟比青果皮成熟快，为了获得高质量的种仁，在青果皮尚未成熟时进行核桃的收获。未成熟的核桃青果皮剥离非常困难，迫切需要研制适用的机械来进行青果皮的剥离作业。为了提高核桃青果皮剥离质量并尽量降低在剥青皮过程中对核桃硬壳造成的机械损伤，通过对剥皮滚筒和凹板钢丝刷构成的剥皮工作部件结构与工作参数的正交试验方法，对影响破碎率和剥净率的3个因素——剥皮滚筒转速、钢丝直径、钢丝顶端与滚筒之间的间隙进行了分析。结果表明，破碎率受钢丝直径的影响最大，受钢丝顶端与滚筒之间的间隙的影响次之，受滚筒转速的影响最小。剥净率受钢丝直径的影响最大、受钢丝顶端与滚筒之间的间隙的影响次之、受剥皮滚筒转速影响最小。在剥皮滚筒转速为25 r/min，钢丝直径为2.3 mm，物料入口处钢丝顶端与滚筒的间隙在50 mm条件下，可获得较理想的作业质量。

Analysis of influence of factors on hulling rate and damage rate during hulling walnuts

The walnut kernel matures more rapidly than hull matures in the areas where climate is dry and hot. Early harvest of mature nut has the advantage of providing higher quality kernels. At this stage of havesting, the hull removal is very difficult. Thus, there is a need to develop mechanisms and machine for removing the hull from the muture nuts. In order to improve the quality of hulling and reduce the damage rate during hulling walnuts, in this article, three factors affecting hulling rate and damage rate were analyzed through orthogonal test on self-made walnut hulling test rig. The results show that, the first greatest effect on damage rate is the diameter of steel wire, the second is the clearance between steel wire tip and hulling cylinder, and the last is hulling cylinder speed. When the hulling cylinder speed is 25 r/min, the diameter of steel wire is 2.3 mm, the clearance between steel wire tip and hulling cylinder is 50 mm, the quality of walnut hulling is the best.