阿克苏地区三个核桃品种生长发育动态研究

目的]以新疆阿克苏地区三个主栽核桃品种为材料,研究核桃生长发育特性,旨在为其高效栽培提供依据.方法]采用观察法、根窖法、叶面积仪观察其物候期,根系、枝叶和果实生长发育动态.结果]根系集中分布于土层深20～ 60 em的区域内,占能观察到根的65.6;,5月下旬到8月上旬为根系生长较快的时期；雌花的萌芽期在4月8～14日,雄花的萌芽期在4月14～18日；展叶期在4月13日左右,雌花花期在4月18日至5月2日,雄花花期在4月22日至5月1日；新梢生长相对较快的时期是在4月20日至5月11日,到6月8日停止生长；果实的发育呈典型的单“S”型生长曲线,果实生长较快的时期在5月上旬到6月下旬,此后生长明显减慢.结论]根系集中分布于土层深20～60 cm的区域内,不同核桃品种的萌芽期、花期、新梢生长期存在着差异,花后果实发育阶段保持一致,呈单“S”型生长曲线.生产中应根据不同品种的发育特性加以管理.

Growth and Development of Three Walnut Cultivars in Aksu

【Objective】This project aims to provide the basis for efficient cultivation based on the experiment with the three walnut cultivars in Aksu Prefecture,Xinjiang and the research into their growth characteristics.【Method】 Observational method,root pit method and leaf area meter are used to observe phenology,roots,foliage and fruit growth dynamic.【Result】Roots concentrated in the region 20-60 cm deep,which can account for 65.6% of observed roots.From late May to early August,it is the rapid root growth period.The female flower bud is from April 8 to 14,and male flower bud,from April 22 to 18.Leaf expansion is around April 13,and female flowers are flowering from April 18 to May 2,male are flowering from April 22 to May 1.Period of relatively rapid growth of new shoots is from April 20 to May 11,and growth stops on June 8;fruit development is typical single "S" type of growth curve;rapid fruit growth period is from early May to late June,after that the growth gradually slows down.【Conclusion】When roots concentrate at the depth of 20-60 cm,there are differences in different varieties of walnuts’ growing stages,such as germination stage,flowering stage and shoot growth periods.After flowering,fruit development stage is consistent,showing a single "S" type of growth curve.Production management should be based on the developmental characteristics of different species.