新疆春播晚熟制种玉米超高产群体结构创建与生理指标的研究

【目的】为玉米制种实现超高产高效提供一定的理论依据和技术指导。【方法】采用密度×化控量二因素复裂区试验设计,对春播晚熟玉米品种富农22号进行超高产制种产量和群体生理指标的研究。【结果】富农22号玉米最适应处理是处理A3B2(密度为9.75×104株/hm2、喷施玉米健壮素675 mL/hm2)制种玉米群体的经济产量最高为18 040.05 kg/hm2,生物产量31 102.5 kg/hm2,单株粒重185.03 g,经济系数0.58,植株与经济性状表现较优;全生育期总光合势535.51×104(m2.d)/hm2、平均净同化率为6.31 g/(m2.d)、平均干物质生产率211.2 kg/(hm2.d)。【结论】通过化控来降低制种玉米植株高度可显著改变物质生产、分配的方向和部位,提高经济产量与生物产量的比例和转化效率。过稀或过密种植以及化控剂用量少或过量使用都将对创建适宜群体结构造成不利影响,从而降低经济产量。

Study on the Construction of Group Structure and Physiological Index of High-yield Hybrid Seed Production in Spring Maize

【Objective】The experiment aimed to provide scientific and theoretical basis and technical guidance for high-yield hybrid seed production in maize.【Method】 Funong 22 was selected to study technical guidance for the high-yield seed production and physiological index,in which 7 densities and 3 levels of chemical regulator were used.【Result】The results showed that the treating of 97.5 thousand plant/ hm2 and 675 mL/hm2 chlormequat chloride had the biggest production,which the production of living things is 31 102.5 kg/hm2,the grain weight is 185.03 g,economic coefficient is 0.58,the total photosynthetic power is 5 355.1 thousand(m2·d)/hm2,The average net photosynthetic rate was 6.31 g/(m2·d),the productivity of dry matter is 211.2 kg/(hm2·d).【Conclusion】 Chemical control can decrease the height of the maize and improve the productivity,direction and position of dry matter,increase the proportion of economic output and biological yield and transformation efficiency.Too sparse or too dense planting and too little or too much chemical control can both cause unfavorable effect on the construction of suitable group structure,thus reducing its economic output.