新疆农林外来生物入侵现状、趋势及对策

目的]摸清新疆近60年来农林外来生物入侵发生的现状、分布和发生趋势,以及对新疆农林生产和生态安全的影响等；总结新疆外来入侵生物防控存在问题,提出相应对策,为新疆农林外来生物的监测和防控提供依据.方法]国内外相关文献的收集、汇总和对比分析.结果]根据文献记载和资料统计,近60年来新疆农林外来人侵生物达79种,其中害虫50种、病害19种、草害10种.入侵规律呈现出间隔期越来越短,突发性疫情频率越来越高的特点.近20年来新疆农林外来人侵生物呈爆发式增长态势,传人有害生物有58种,平均2.76种/年.入侵发生区分布不均衡,入侵来源以国内其它省份为主,无意引种是主要传播方式.结论]虽然新疆农林外来生物入侵防控取得了显著成效,但是仍存在认识不足、控制不严和研究不透等问题.为此,应组建对区域性外来入侵物种的风险评估、早期预警监测和风险评估体系,发展快速检测和应急防控技术；加强区域性外来重大入侵生物研究和综合治理,确保新疆农林生产和生态安全.

The Status Quo and Trend of Invasive Alien Species in Agriculture & Forest in Xinjiang,China and Relevant Countermeasures

【Objective and Method】The purpose of the research was to confirm the current situation,the distribution,the trend,and the strategies of the invasive alien species in agriculture & forest in Xinjiang and provide the support for controlling them by analyzing and comparing the relative references.【Result】Invasion of about 79 kinds of alien species have taken place in Xinjiang in the past sixty years,among which 50 kinds were pests,19 kinds were diseases and 10 kinds exotic invasive plants.There were 58 kinds of invaive alien species in agriculture & forest,which of the number increased significantly in the past twenty years.An average of 2.76 kinds of IAS took place every year in Xinjiang.The distribution of IAs was not in unbalance and the resource of IAS was mainly from domestic regions.Unintentional intruduction was the major Manner of dispersal.【Conclusion】The strategy was necessary to guarantee the safety of agricultural & forest production and ecology in Xinjiang.The system of the quarantine monitoring and control of the invasive alien species in agriculture & forest should be set up,and the studies on biology,ecology,early warning system,fast inspecting techniques and IPM of IAS should be intensified.