不同防除措施对那拉提草地群落的影响

[目的]研究不同措施防除有毒植物白喉乌头(Aconitum leucostomum Worosch)对草地植物群落的影响,探究不同防除措施下白喉乌头与草地群落植物变化规律.[方法]应用草地生态学、草地资源学的理论及方法,选取7个不同措施处理的典型样地实地调查,2010年7月中旬测定植被相关指标,运用方差分析方法进行比较.[结果](1)各处理样地中白喉乌头种群的结构各指标在1;、5;水平下存在显著差异.(2)白喉乌头种群结构指标最小值均出现在放牧刈割及围栏挖除样地；围栏刈割与放牧挖除两个样地的处理对白喉乌头种群的控制效果次之.(3)各样地中的各经济类群重要值的方差比较显示,围栏刈割处理对草地植物群落有较好影响,样地中单子叶植物重要值能达到0.366±0.031的较高水平,豆科植物重要值达到0.057±0.023；围栏挖除控制毒草重要值的效果最好,能控制在0.02的较低水平；放牧刈割样地控制毒草重要值效果其次,能达到0.03.(4)草场质量指数分析发现,围栏处理及对毒草的各种控制措施对各样地的草场质量均存在1;水平下的显著影响,并且在1;水平下的呈现显著交互作用；草场质量指数最大值出现在围栏刈割样地1.296 2±0.049 6,围栏下再配合各种防治手段能较好的提高草地质量.[结论]放牧刈割、围栏挖除处理对白喉乌头种群控制效果较其他处理效果好；围栏刈割处理中草地优良牧草能达到较好水平；围栏挖除控制毒草重要值的效果最好；围栏刈割处理样地草场质量指数最高.

The Effects of Different Controlling Measures for Grassland Community in Nalati Grassland

[Objective]For the different controlling measures of poisonous plants Aconitum leucostomum on grassland plant community.Exploring the different controlling measures effects on the A.leucostomum in grassland community.[Method]Application of grassland ecology,grassland resource theory and methods,the seven different measures were selected to dealing with the typical fields.In mid-July 2010,determinating of related vegetation indicators,using analysis of variance comparing methods.[Result](1 ) Different population structure indicators around the treatment plots under 1%and 5%levels have significant differences.(2) The minimum scale of population structure indicators appears in mowing and grazing plots fenced excavation.two plots of the excavation process - fence mowing and grazing followed by the effect of mowing and grazing plots fenced excavation on population control.(3) Various places in the value of each class of important economic comparison shows that,on the impact of fence mowing of the grass plant community is a better handling method,importance values of monocots can achieve a higher level to 0.366±0.031 Legumes’ important value to 0.057±0.023.The best controlling method is fence excavation of weeds can be controlled at a lower level to 0.02.Followed by the grazing effects of mowing to control weeds -0.03.(4) Index analysis of pasture mass shows that fence treatment and control measures for weeds were significandy affected the quality of each sample below 1%.And to some level showed a significant interaction belowl%.Mass index in fenced pasture mowing plots 1.296 2±0.049 6,under the fence again with a variety of control methods to improve pasture quality can be better.[Conclusion]Thus,control effect of treatments grazing mowing,hemlock fence the excavation process have the best effect,fence in the lawn mowing process can achieve a better quality of forage;the best is fence excavation,which control hemlock importance value.Pasture fence cutting deal with the highest quality index.