不同种源梭梭属植物生长特性及其与地理环境因子之间的关系分析

【目的】筛选适宜新疆干旱区环境的梭梭属植物及地理种源,揭示其与地理环境因子之间的关系。【方法】调查4种梭梭属植物的种子特性(千粒重、发芽率)和1年生容器苗生长性状指标(苗高、地径、根长、毛根数、地上部分鲜重、地下部分鲜重),测定梭梭种源地的地理环境因子(经度、纬度、海拔、年降雨量、年均温度、1月气温、7月气温)。【结果】在千粒重和发芽率方面,吐鲁番白梭梭处在较优的位置,吐鲁番梭梭则较差,精河梭梭和奇台梭梭居中;吐鲁番白梭梭在1年生容器苗的生长性状方面均优于3种梭梭种源,并显著高于精河梭梭和奇台梭梭,吐鲁番梭梭则仅次于白梭梭。4种梭梭的幼苗生长性状表现出了对环境因子较强的适应性,苗高、地径、根长、毛根数与海拔、年降雨量、年均温度、1月气温、7月气温之间存在显著的相关性(P<0.05),千粒重和发芽率则相关性不明显。【结论】在4种梭梭属植物中,吐鲁番白梭梭可以作为优良种源进行推广,吐鲁番梭梭作为中等种源,精河梭梭和奇台梭梭种源质量相对较差。

Analysis on Growth Characteristics of Haloxylon sp. from Different Provenances and Relationship between Geographical and Environmental Factors

【Objective】The purpose of this paper was to select species of Haloxylon sp.and different provenances which can suit the arid-area environment in Xinjiang,and reveal the relationship between geographical and environmental factors.【Method】The seed characteristics(1 000-grain weight and germination rate) of four H.ammodendron sp.and the growth indices of annual container seedlings(seedling height,ground diameter,root length,number of hair roots,above ground fresh weight,underground part fresh weight) were investigated to determinate the geographical and environmental factors(longitude,latitude,altitude,annual rainfall,mean annual temperature,January temperature and July temperature) of the seeds’ provenance.【Result】On the side of 1 000-grain weight and germination rate,H.persicum from Turpan was the best one,H.ammodendron from Turpan was the worse one,and H.ammodendron from Jinghe and Qitai were intermediate.On another side of the growth indices of annual container seedlings,H.persicum from Turpan was better than the other H.ammodendron,and significantly higher than H.ammodendron from Jinghe and Qitai;H.ammodendron from Turpan was next to H.persicum from Turpan.The seedling growth traits of four Haloxylon sp.showed a strong adaptability to environmental factors.There were significant correlations between seedling height,ground diameter,root length and number of hair roots,altitude,annual rainfall,mean annual temperature,January temperature and July temperature(P<0.05),but there was no obvious correlation in their 1 000-grain weight and germination rate.【Conclusion】H.persicum from Turpan can be an excellent source to promote production among the four,H.ammodendron from Turpan can be an medium provenance,and H.ammodendron from Jinghe and Qitai were relatively poor quality seed sources.