3种水质调控方式下参池沉积物酶活性的比较研究

2015年10月至2016年9月对自然纳潮、微孔曝气、养水机3种水质调控方式下海参池塘沉积物中淀粉酶、蛋白酶、碱性磷酸酶、脱氢酶的活性进行了跟踪比较研究。研究结果显示,3种水质调控方式下池塘沉积物中的淀粉酶活性年变化为0.126~0.880 mg/g,年均值(0.410±0.180) mg/g,蛋白酶活性年变化为0.024~0.472 mg/g,年均值(0.190±0.103) mg/g,碱性磷酸酶活性年变化为0.068~1.042 mg/g,年均值(0.340±0.196) mg/g,脱氢酶活性年变化为12.092~52.794 mL/g,年均值(26.980±8.295) mL/g。3种水质调控方式下池塘沉积物中蛋白酶、碱性磷酸酶及脱氢酶活性均在自然纳潮池塘中均值最高,变化幅度最大;淀粉酶活性均值则在自然纳潮池塘中最低,养水机池塘最高,这与养水机池塘有机质最低,自然纳潮池塘最高,养水机池塘沉积物的细菌多样性最高,真菌数量最多有关。表明养水机能够快速去除沉积物中氮、磷有机化合物,有利于池塘的正常物质循环。本研究从沉积物酶活性的角度,探讨了养水机的作用效果与其他两种水质调控方式产生差异的机理。

Effect of Three Types of Water Quality Control Methods on Sediment Enzyme Activity in Sea Cucumber Pond

This paper reported the annual changes in the activities of amylase, protease, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase in sea cucumber sediments under three types of water quality control methods from October 2015 to September 2016. The results showed that under the three water quality control methods, the annual change in amylase activity in the pond sediments was 0.126-0.880 mg/g, the annual mean value(0.410±0.180) mg/g, the annual change of protease activity was 0.024-0.472 mg/g, the annual mean value(0.190±0.103) mg/g, the annual change in alkaline phosphatase activity was 0.068-1.042 mg/g, the annual mean value(0.340±0.196) mg/g, and the annual change in dehydrogenase activity was 12.092-52.794 mL/g, annual mean value(26.980±8.295) mL/g.The activities of protease, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase in the pond sediments under the three water quality control methods were the highest in the natural tidal water quality control method ponds with the largest variation range.The mean value of amylase activity was the lowest in natural ponds and the highest in the water regulating machine system ponds.This is related to the lowest organic matter in the water regulating machine system ponds, the highest content of organic matter in the natural pond, and the highest bacterial diversity and the highest number of fungi in the water regulating machine system ponds. This indicates that the water regulating machine system can quickly remove the organic compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus from the sediments, which is beneficial to the normal material circulation of the pond. In this paper, from the perspective of sediment enzyme activity, the mechanism of the difference between the effect of the water regulating machine system and the other two water quality control methods was discussed.