胡萝卜小孢子胚状体和愈伤组织的诱导

选用胡萝卜7个常规品种、10个自交系、16个F1代杂交种和6个F2代材料研究基因型、植物生长调节剂、AgNO3以及低温预处理（4 ℃）对花药培养的影响。在参试的39份材料中有6份材料产生小孢子胚状体，其中50071号材料出胚率最高，达到3.89%，有30份材料产生小孢子愈伤组织，其中600Q6号材料出愈率达到36.70%。在B5培养基上添加2,4-D和NAA组合中，选用的4份参试材料均产生小孢子愈伤组织，其中50071和70Q67号材料产生胚状体，而添加6-BA和NAA组合中均未产生胚状体和愈伤组织。培养基中添加AgNO3对部分材料的出胚率有一定促进作用，50071和70Q67号材料在8 mg · L-1 AgNO3下出胚率分别达到10.00%和2.00%。低温预处理对部分材料的胚状体及小孢子愈伤组织形成有一定作用，50069号材料经4 ℃ 1 d预处理出胚率达1%，预处理2 d和3 d出愈率均达到11.25%，70Q67号材料在3 d预处理后出胚率达到4.00%。经细胞学鉴定，在121株由胚状体产生的再生植株中93.39%为二倍体，说明胡萝卜花药培养过程中易发生自然加倍。

Induction of Microspores-derived Embryos and Calli from Anther Culture in Carrot

The influence of genotype，hormone，AgNO3 and low temperature (4 ℃) on anther culture of carrot (Daucus carota L.) was investigated with 7 open pollinated cultivars，10 inbred lines，16 F1 and 6 F2. Microspore embryogenesis occurred on six accessions and the highest frequency was 50071 with 3.89%. Thirty accessions formed the calli derived from microspores and 600Q6 had the highest frequency with 36.70%. On the B5 media with 2,4-D and NAA，all of four tested accessions formed the calli，and both of 50071 and 70Q67 formed the microspores-derived embryos，but none on the media with 6-BA and NAA. 50071 and 70Q67 were induced about 10.00% and 2.00% of embryos on the media with 8 mg · L-1 AgNO3，respectively. Low temperature was effective on some accessions to form embryos and calli. 50069 had the embryo ratio of 1% under the treatment of 1 d，and the callus ratio of 11.25% under the treatment of 2 d and 3 d，respectively. 70Q67 had the embryo ratio of 4.00% with 3 d treatment. About 93.39% plants were diploid among 121 plantlets regenerated from embryos with cytogenetic analysis，which was regarded as the result of spontaneous diploidization during anther culture.