Cavitation-induced reactions in high-pressure carbon dioxide |
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Authors: | Kuijpers M W A van Eck D Kemmere M F Keurentjes J T F |
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Institution: | Process Development Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. |
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Abstract: | The feasibility of ultrasound-induced in situ radical formation in liquid carbon dioxide was demonstrated. The required threshold pressure for cavitation could be exceeded at a relatively low acoustic intensity, as the high vapor pressure of CO2 counteracts the hydrostatic pressure. With the use of a dynamic bubble model, the formation of hot spots upon bubble collapse was predicted. Cavitation-induced radical formation was used for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate in CO2, yielding high-molecular-weight polymers. These results show that sonochemical reactions can be performed in dense-phase fluids, which allows the environmentally benign CO2 to replace conventional organic solvents in many reaction systems. |
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