北京市八达岭林场景观型水源涵养林健康评价研究

运用森林健康的相关理论与技术，采用分层评价的指标分值法评价森林健康,一级指标及其下的基本指标均采用等权分配权重的评价方法；分别于2004年和2012年对北京市八达岭林场的16块标准样地进行了森林健康评价指标的调查、量化和测定，2004年调查了13个基本指标， 2012年调查了24个基本指标，共涉及到生物多样性、生态功能、抵抗力、生产力（活力）、效益、土壤状况等6个一级指标；对林分各指标逐项进行数量化或评分（定性指标数量化，定量指标标准化），计算出森林健康指数HCI来评价八达岭林场的森林健康状况。结果表明，森林在2012年的HCI为60.33（13个指标；亚健康），仅比2004年（13个指标HCI=60.25；亚健康）提高了0.09（0.15%）；16块标准地中10个林分的HCI有升高趋势，其中侧柏-黄栌（提高了29.13%）、西沟糠段林（提高了21.80%）、西沟油松林（提高了18.57%）等标准地的森林健康质量提高明显；但有6个林分的健康水平有明显下降趋势，特别是西沟元宝枫林（下降了21.20%）、西沟黑桦林（下降了23.49%）、西沟核桃楸林（下降了31.15%）等森林健康的质量下降明显。总体上看，森林质量较稳定，但健康质量不容乐观，仍处于亚健康状态(24个指标评价HCI=59.47；2012年)，需要林场及时采取生态疏伐、景观疏伐、补植补造、封山育林等经营技术措施改善林分质量，提高森林的健康等级，充分发挥八达岭林场森林的效益。

Forest Health Evaluation for Landscape Type of Water Conservation in Badaling Forest Farm in Beijing

Based on the relevant theory and technology of forest health, index scoring of the hierarchical evaluation method was adopted to calculate the health comprehensive index (HCI) to judge the health situations. Sixteen standard plots in Badaling Forest Farm were sampled to accomplish the survey and test for forest health evaluation indicators in 2004 and 2012, in which 13 indicators were determined in 2004, and 24 in 2012. The indicators included 6 top categories that concerned with biological diversity, ecological function, resistibility, prolificacy, effectiveness, and soil conditions. The status on forest health was evaluated by HCI with value-indicators and weighted average in the farm. The results indicated that HCI in 2012 was 60.33 (related to 13 indices, belonging to ordinary-health), 0.09 higher than that in 2004 (HCI=60.25, ordinary health) increased only by 0.15%. In general, quality of forest increased obviously in 10 stands, however, in other 6 stands, the quality tended to decrease obviously. As a whole, forest quality was stable, however, it belonged to sub-healthy (HCI=59.47 in 2012 for 24 indices). So, it is necessary to take measures to improve the health quality of forest stands in the arm, including ecological thinning, landscape thinning, replanting complement, and regional closure for afforestation.