玉米穗,茎腐病病原学相互关系及发病条件的研究

玉米穗、茎腐病病原学的相互关系研究表明：其优势致病菌禾谷镰孢菌和串珠镰抱菌均可交互侵染引起这两种病害，并且能从植株的外侧和内部由基部向穗部传染，初步证实引起穗腐病的镰孢菌是来自茎腐病的镰孢菌。穗、茎腐病的发病条件试验结果显示，玉米茎腐病与玉米品种的抗性、生育期、种植密度、地势、降水和施肥等的关系极为密切，而玉米穗腐病与玉米品种的抗性、土壤类型、种植形式和螟害的关系密切。通过施用钾肥和防治玉米螟可有效地减轻玉米茎腐病和穗腐病的危害。

Study on Relationship of Pathogen Type with Condition for Disease Occurrence Maize Ear Rot and Stalk Rot

The predominant pathogens of maize ear rot and maize stalk rot, Fusarium graminearum and Fmoniliforme, could cause the two diseases by reciprocal infection, and could reach ear from the basal part of stem through stem pith and external dissemination separately. So F. graminearum and F. moniliforme were the same pathogen of the two diseases. The occurrence conditions of maize ear rot and stalk rot were studied in the different ecological locations in Liaoning Province. The results showed the occurrence of maize stalk rot was concerned with the resistance and development stages of meize varieties, planting density, topographical condition, precipition, fertilization, and incidence of meize ear rot related to the resistance of varieties, soil type, planting patterns, maize borer damage. Maize ear rot and stalk rot were reduced effectively by application of potassium fertilizer and control of maize borer separately.