Effects of the invader Solidago canadensis on soil properties |
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| Institution: | 1. Taizhou University, School of Life Sciences, 317000 Linhai, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, PR China;1. Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland;2. Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016 Cracow, Poland;3. State Museum of Natural History, Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, Teatral’na St. 18, UA 79008, L’viv, Ukraine;4. University of Agriculture, A. Mickiewicz 21, 31-120 Cracow, Poland;1. BioCost Group, Biology Department, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña 15071, Spain;2. Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China;1. Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China;2. Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, 74078, USA;3. Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China;4. Department of Biology, University of Hartford, 200 Bloomfield Avenue, West Hartford, CT, 06117, USA;1. Department of Biology and General Ecology, Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, Masaryka 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia;2. Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia;3. Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic |
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| Abstract: | A perennial goldenrod weed, Solidago canadensis, is rapidly spreading in China and now poses a serious threat to native ecosystem structure and function. Little is known about the effects of S. canadensis invasion on rhizosphere physico-chemical properties and microbial communities. The objective of this study was to compare the soil physico-chemical properties and microbial communities of invaded (two ecotone sites and one monoculture site) and native plant rhizospheres in field areas of Zhejiang Province, Eastern China. Compared with those in the native site, soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, NO3-N, available phosphorus content, and aggregate stability consistently decreased with S. canadensis invasion, while soil organic carbon, NH4-N content, pH, and bulk density in the invaded sites significantly increased. Soil microbial biomass (expressed by carbon, nitrogen, or phosphorus content), activity (basal respiration and substrate induced respiration), and functional diversity (calculated from the average well color development (AWCD) of 31 carbon sources in a BIOLOG Ecoplate) significantly increased with S. canadensis invasion. Microbial utilization of carbohydrate groups significantly increased in the invaded sites, while the utilization of carboxylic acids and amines/amides groups significantly decreased. Principal components analysis (PCA) of the AWCD data indicated that the heavily invaded site (monoculture) was clearly separated from the native site. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that soil organic carbon, NH4-N, NO3-N, and pH significantly impacted the dynamics of microbial parameters across the invaded sites. These results suggested that several soil chemical properties (e.g., organic carbon, NH4-N, and pH) and microbial parameters (e.g., microbial biomass, basal respiration, substrate induced respiration, and functional diversity) might be used as indicators of S. canadensis invasion density. |
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