Integrated soil fertility management enhances population and effectiveness of indigenous cowpea rhizobia in semi-arid eastern Kenya |
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| Institution: | 1. Kenya Forestry Research Institute, P.O Box 20412-00200, Nairobi, Kenya;2. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK;1. Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, BR 079, km 12, Areia, PB, Brazil;2. Instituto Federal do Piauí, Campus Paulistana, BR 407, km 5, Paulistana, PI, Brazil;3. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Agronomia, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Recife, PE, Brazil;4. Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Colegiado de Farmácia, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, s/n, Petrolina, PE, Brazil;5. Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil;6. Embrapa Semiárido, BR 428, km 152, Petrolina, PE, Brazil;1. Forest Ecology Group, Kansai Research Centre, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 68 Nagaikyutaroh, Momoyama, Fushimi, Kyoto 612-0855, Japan;2. Department of Environmental Solution Technology, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokoya, SetaOhe, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan;3. Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan;1. Centre for Advanced Research in International Agricultural Development (CARIAD), c/o CIMMYT South Asia Regional Office, P. O. Box 5186, Kathmandu, Nepal;2. Forum for Rural Welfare and Agriculture Reform for Development (FORWARD), P.O. Box 11, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal;3. CARIAD, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK;4. Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LI-BIRD), P.O. Box 324, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal;5. National Grain Legume Research Programme (NGLRP), Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal;6. Social Upliftment through Participatory Programmes, Research and Training (SUPPORT) Foundation, P.O. Box 24, Mahendranagar, Kanchanpur, Nepal;1. CIRAD, PERSYST, UPR AIDA, Montpellier, France;2. BIOPASS, ISRA-IRD-UCAD, Campus de Bel-Air, Dakar, Senegal;3. CIRAD, PERSYST, UPR HORTSYS, Montpellier, France;4. IITA, Benin Station, Cotonou, Benin;5. UAC, FSA, Cotonou, Benin;6. INRAB, PCM, Cotonou, Benin;7. UGB, UFR S2ATA, Saint-Louis, Senegal;8. UCAD, FST, Dakar, Senegal;9. IER, CRRA de Sotuba, Bamako, Mali;10. ISRA, CDH, Dakar, Senegal;11. AFRICARICE, Cotonou, Benin;12. CSE, Dakar, Senegal |
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| Abstract: | Legume biological nitrogen fixation is an environmentally friendly and economical means that can reduce low resource farmer dependence on expensive chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizers. We investigated the effect of two cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) varieties (IT95K-52-34, an international variety from IITA and Kang’au, a local variety) under an integrated soil fertility management trial on indigenous symbiotic rhizobia in a semi-arid farmer's field in eastern Kenya. The ox-ploughed field trial had the following treatments: an unamended control, manure applied at 2.5 t ha?1, triple superphosphate (TSP as (P2O5, 0:46:0) at 15 kg ha?1; and a combination of manure and TSP applied at the single rates. Soil samples were collected from each treatment during planting and harvesting of the cowpea crop and used in most probable number (MPN) plant infection assays with the two cowpea varieties as traphosts in Leonard jar growth systems and grown under glasshouse conditions. Generally, soil amendments enhanced cowpea rhizobial populations which varied from 4.89 × 102 rhizobia g?1 soil to 1.074 × 103 rhizobia g?1 soil. The highest shoot biomass accumulation occurred on cowpea variety IT95K-52-34 plants inoculated with soils from the manure applied plots. We isolated 150 fast- and slow-growing cowpea rhizobia. Contrary to most previous studies, the bulk (97%) of the isolates was fast growing which grouped into 9 types on the growth characteristics on yeast extract agar (YEMA). The study indicated that ISFM was important for rhizobia population build up over a cowpea-growing season. |
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