Evaluation of the atzB gene as a functional marker for the simazine-degrading potential of an agricultural soil |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Complutense University Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;2. Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Finca “El Encín” Km 38, 2 A-II Apdo 127, 28800 Madrid, Spain;1. School of Material Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, PR China;2. International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China;1. Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea;2. Korea Center for Artificial Photosynthesis and Center for Nanomaterial, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, Republic of Korea;1. Institute of Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Wrocław, pl. Uniwersytecki 1, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland;2. Świeradów Forest Inspectorate, State Forests National Forest Holding, ul. 11 Listopada 1, 59-850 Świeradów-Zdrój, Poland;1. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;2. Unidad de Genómica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain;3. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain;1. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8286, United States;2. Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China;3. Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen In stitute, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China |
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| Abstract: | The occurrence of natural simazine-degrading bacteria could be an important limiting factor to the use of the herbicide in those agricultural soils with a wide history of herbicide applications. In this work the potential of an agricultural soil to degrade simazine and the effect of the addition of urea was assayed in both fertilised and unfertilised soil microcosms. A culture-independent approach based on the fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) technique, using a specific oligonucleotide probe (AtzB1), was applied to detect simazine-degrading bacteria in the soil microcosms. The presence of the atzABC genes in the agricultural soil was confirmed by PCR from soil-extracted DNA. The percentage of AtzB1 probe-target cells in the urea-untreated soil was higher than in the urea-treated one. Moreover, the greatest percentage of AtzB1 probe-target cells in the urea-untreated soil was accompanied by a greater degradation rate, compared to the urea-fertilised one. Our results indicate that the proposed approach was sensitive enough to detect changes in the natural simazine degradation capacity of the soil after fertilisation practices, which typically involve a nitrogen increase. |
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