Salinity tolerance and mycorrhizal responsiveness of native xeroriparian plants in semi-arid western USA |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Rangeland Management Specialist, US Department of Agriculture (USDA)−Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Rangeland and Pasture Research Unit, Woodward, OK 73801, USA;2. Plant Physiologist, USDA-ARS, Northwest Watershed Research Center, Boise, ID 83712, USA;3. Associate Professor, Department of Geography, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA;4. Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Geography, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA;5. Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;6. Ecologist, USDA-ARS, Range and Meadow Forage Management Research Unit, Burns, OR 97720, USA;7. Professor, Department of Environment & Society, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA;8. Research Civil Engineer, Northwest Watershed Research Center, Boise, ID 83712, USA;9. Plant Sciences Technician, Northwest Watershed Research Center, Boise, ID 83712, USA;1. Plant Physiologist, Northwest Watershed Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture−Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Boise, ID 83712, USA;2. Ecologist, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Burns, OR 97720, USA;3. Statistician, Plains Area, USDA-ARS, College Station, TX 77845, USA;4. Director, Sierra Foothills Research and Extension Center, Browns Valley, CA 95918, USA;5. Graduate Student, Department of Geosciences, Idaho State University, Boise, ID 83702, USA;6. Research Hydraulic Engineer, Northwest Watershed Research Center, USDA-ARS, Boise, ID 83712, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy (LPS), Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008 Nanjing, China;2. Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia;3. Evo-Eco-Paléo, UMR 8198 du CNRS, Université de Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve d''Ascq, France;4. Van Mildert College, Institute of Advanced Study, Durham University, Cosin''s Hall, Durham DH1 3RL, UK;5. Paleontology and Paleoenvironment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China;6. Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, 410083 Changsha, China;1. Associate Professor, Biology Department, John Carroll University, University Heights, OH 44118, USA;2. Undergraduate Student, Biology Department, John Carroll University, University Heights, OH 44118, USA;3. Graduate Student, Biology Department, John Carroll University, University Heights, OH 44118, USA;4. Rangeland Scientist and Research Leader, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)−Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, OR 97720, USA;5. Center Director, Sierra Foothills Research and Extension Center, Browns Valley, CA 95918, USA.;1. USDA – Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, OR 97720, USA;2. Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA |
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| Abstract: | Restoration of salt-affected soils is a global concern. In the western United States, restoration of salinized land, particularly in river valleys, often involves control of Tamarix, an introduced species with high salinity tolerance. Revegetation of hydrologically disconnected floodplains and terraces after Tamarix removal is often difficult because of limited knowledge regarding the salinity tolerance of candidate native species for revegetation. Additionally, Tamarix appears to be non-mycorrhizal. Extended occupation of Tamarix may deplete arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil, further decreasing the success of revegetation efforts. To address these issues, we screened 42 species, races, or ecotypes native to southwestern U.S. for salinity tolerance and mycorrhizal responsiveness. As expected, the taxa tested showed a wide range of responses to salinity and mycorrhizal fungi. This variation also occurred between ecotypes or races of the same species, indicating that seed collected from high-salinity reference systems is likely better adapted to harsh conditions than seed originating from less saline environments. All species tested had a positive or neutral response to mycorrhizal inoculation. We found no clear evidence that mycorrhizae increased salinity tolerance, but some species were so dependent on mycorrhizal fungi that they grew poorly at all salinity levels in pasteurized soil. |
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