沼液和菇渣多年施用对日光温室番茄生长发育及根际土壤环境的影响

为验证沼液和菇渣多年混合施用对日光温室番茄产量品质和土壤环境的影响提供依据,以“普罗旺斯”番茄为试材,采用单一变量的方法,研究常规施肥栽培（CK）、沼液还田（BS组）、平菇菇渣还田（MR 组）和沼液、菇渣配合施用（BM 组）4个处理在多年栽培下番茄产量、品质与土壤理化性质的变化差异。对比CK,BS、MR、BM 组处理提高了番茄的产量和可溶性糖含量,产量分别增加了19.33%、14.32%和31.49%,增加土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,改善了番茄种植的土壤环境;BS、MR 和 BM 三组处理提高了真菌群落的多样性,降低了古菌群落的多样性,且BS组和BM组较CK和MR组差异更加显著。沼液或者菇渣和沼液配合施用,不仅能提高番茄的产量,而且在一定程度上可以改良土壤基本理化性质,改变番茄根际土壤中微生物群落结构,促进作物对养分的吸收和利用。

Growth and Development of Tomato and Changes of Rhizosphere Soil Microorganism under Application of Biogas Slurry and Mushroom Residue in Solar Greenhouse

To provide evidence for verifying the effect of biogas slurry and mushroom residue mixed application for many years on the yield and quality of tomato and soil environment in solar greenhouse. Using the "Provence" tomato as the test material, using the single variable method,the differences of tomato yield,quality and soil physical and chemical properties of four treatments,including conventional fertilization (CK),biogas slurry (BS),pleurotus ostreatus residue (MR) and biogas slurry and mushroom residue (BM),were studied under years of cultivation.Compared with CK,BS,MR and BM treatments,the yield and soluble sugar content of tomato were increased by 19.33%,14.32% and 31.49% respectively,and the content of soil organic matter,available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were increased, and the soil environment of tomato planting was improved;:The treatment of BS,MR and BM increased the diversity of fungal community and decreased the diversity of archaea community,and the difference between BS and BM groups was more significant than CK and MR groups. The combined application of biogas slurry or mushroom residue and biogas slurry can not only improve the yield of tomato,but also improve the basic physical and chemical properties of soil,change the microbial community structure in tomato rhizosphere soil,and promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients by crops.