High levels of pollen dispersal detected through paternity analysis from a continuous Symphonia globulifera population in the Brazilian Amazon |
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Authors: | Francimary da Silva Carneiro Bernd Degen Milton Kanashiro Andre Eduardo Biscaia de Lacerda Alexandre Magno Sebbenn |
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Institution: | aEmbrapa Amazônia Oriental, C.P. 48, 66095-100 Belém-PA, Brazil;bJohann Heinrich von Thünen Institut, Institut für Forstgenetik, Sieker Landstrasse 2, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany;cInstituto Florestal de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 1322, 01059-970 São Paulo, Brazil |
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Abstract: | In this study, six highly polymorphic microsatellite loci and a categorical paternity analysis approach were used to investigate the contemporary pollen gene flow in the neotropical tree species Symphonia globulifera. Data for this study were taken from a 500 ha experimental plot in a dense terra firme forest in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon and included the mapping and genotyping of 161 reproductive trees, representing more than 90% of all adult trees, and the collection of 748 open-pollinated seeds from 56 seed-trees over two field seasons (2002 and 2003). High levels of pollen immigration from outside of the study plot were detected in both sampled seed-years (≥49%) suggesting long distance pollen gene flow. Low levels of self-fertilization were also detected (≤2%). The analysis showed long distance pollen dispersal occurred within the study area in both 2002 (δ = 907 ± 652 m SD) and 2003 (δ = 963 ± 542 m SD). Patterns of pollen dispersal distance within the plot were also found to be shorter than the distances between potential male parents and seed-trees. This result indicates that the distance between trees does not explain the identified pollen dispersal pattern. Our results support the hypothesis that animal pollinated species occurring in low-density populations can disperse pollen in long distances, despite the very dense nature of the forest. |
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Keywords: | Tropical tree species Microsatellite Contemporary gene flow Paternity analysis |
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