棉种染色体倍性与叶片气孔性状的关系

观察了棉属(Gossypium)中不同染色体组的二倍体棉种、四倍体棉种及种间杂种共9个材料的叶片气孔,测定了气孔密度、气孔保卫细胞的大小、气孔最大开张程度及保卫细胞内叶绿体数目。结果表明,不同染色体组问、不同棉种间和不同染色体倍性间在这些性状上均存在明显的差异。并且。随着染色体倍性提高。四倍体棉种的气孔保卫细胞的大小和叶绿体数目增加,而气孔密度则比二倍体棉种的小。因此,认为通过对上述叶片气孔性状的测定分析,可以用于鉴定不同染色体倍性的棉花植株。

Relationship between Chromosome Ploidy and Stomatal Characters of Leaf in Gossypium

After the stoma on the leaf were observed in 9 varieties in Gossypium including diploid, tetraploid cotton and interspecific hybrids etc. Which belong to different genomes, and their stomatal density, size of stomatal guard cells, maximum degree of stomatal opening and their chloroplastid numbers were measured, it showed that there were significant differences in these stomatal characters among different cotton genomes, species and chromosome ploidies. With the increase of chromosome ploidy. the size of stomatal guard cells and the chloroplastid numbers were increased, accompanied by the decrease of stomatal density. So measuring and analyzing the above stomatal characters of leaves can be used for indentification of cotton plants with different chromosome ploidies.