旱地农田不同耕作措施的土壤肥力特性及玉米生长效应

[目的]为了研究不同耕作措施对土壤肥力与玉米生长的影响。[方法]在定西市安定区李家堡镇马家岔村试验田进行定位试验,采用裂区设计与数学统计分析方法,设置秸秆还田、地膜覆盖、秸秆腐熟剂三因素,设8种处理,研究3种因素条件下玉米物候期、经济性状、产量及土壤肥力的差异性变化。[结果]地膜覆盖推进了玉米物候期,覆膜的株高、穗长、双棒率、穗粒数、百粒重分别比不覆膜高出53 cm、4.9 cm、152粒、11.7 g;秸秆还田使得0～20 cm耕层土壤有机质含量增加0.22～0.94 g/kg,碱解氮含量增加0～1.93 mg/kg,有效磷含量增加0.14～1.33 mg/kg,速效钾含量增加2.13～8.17 mg/kg;处理⑦"秸秆还田+全膜双垄集雨沟播栽培+腐熟剂"处理组产量最高,并与主区(秸秆还田)间差异在0.05水平显著。[结论]秸秆还田和秋季覆膜结合较好地解决了深施肥与春季保墒促全苗以及秸秆腐解与幼苗争水争肥影响幼苗生长的矛盾。

Soil Fertility Characteristics and Maize Growth Effects of Different Farming Measures to Dry Land

[ Objective ] The research aimed to study the influence of the different cultivation measures on soil fertility and maize growth. [ Method] The arctic completed positioning test in experimental field of Macha County in LiJiabao Town. Using crack zone design and mathemat- ical statistical analysis method, setting three factors and 8 kinds of approach design, the differences of corn phenophase, economic characters and yield, soil fertility in the three factors conditions were studied. [ Result ] Plastic mulching promoted the phenophase of corn, plant height, spike length, thrown rate, grain weight; which were higher than CK by 53 cm, 4.9 era, 15g grain, 11.7 g, respectively. The measure of straw returned made soil fertility increase by 0. 22 - 0. 94 g/kg in 0 - 20 cm soil layer. Alkali solution nitrogen was increased by 0 - 1.93 mg/kg, effective phosphorus was increased by 0.14 - 1.33 mg/kg, rapidly-available potassium was increased by 2.13 - 8.17 mg/kg. Pro- eessing 7 ＂straw returned all the film double ridges rainwater-collecting ＋ planting in cultivation ＋ rotten agent＂ got the highest yield. The difference was significant in the area of straw returned. [ Conclusion ] The measure of combined straw returned with coated in the fall had solved the contradiction,which was fertilization and spring conservation, straw corruption solution ana seedlings for water.