不同播种量和秸秆覆盖量对冬小麦生产的影响

目的]研究秸秆覆盖对冬小麦生理生态特征和水分利用效率的综合影响,寻求最佳覆盖措施,从而达到提高冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的目的。方法]设置6个处理:多播多盖、多播少盖、多播对照、常播多盖、常播少盖、常播对照,秸秆覆盖量少覆盖为3 000kg/hm2,多覆盖为6 000 kg/hm2,播种量多播量为225 kg/hm2,常播量为150 kg/hm2,分析冬小麦田的土壤水分、土壤温度、土壤蒸发、冬小麦生物量和水分利用效率情况。结果]秸秆覆盖对于表层土壤的保墒作用比对深层土壤明显,多播量少覆盖处理保墒效果相对较好,其土壤蒸发也最小,冬小麦叶面积指数明显比其他处理大。另外,适量秸秆覆盖可以有效调节土壤温度变化。秸秆覆盖不一定能增产,但明显地减小了冬小麦田的总耗水量,相应地提高了水分利用效率;多播量对产量提高有一定贡献;因此考虑播量和覆盖量的综合效应,多播量少覆盖相结合能够在一定程度上提高产量和水分利用效率。结论]加大播种量并适量覆盖秸秆有利于提高冬小麦产量并且节约用水,还可以提高农民的经济效益。

Effects of Different Sowing-straw mulching Amount on Winter Wheat Production

Objective ] The aim was to study the effects of different sowing-straw mulching amount on physiological and ecological characteris- tics and water use efficiency of winter wheat, to find the best mulching measures, and then to reach the goal of improving yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat. Method ] Six treatments were designed, more sowing-more mulching, more sowing-less mulching-, more sowing- no mulching, normal sowing-more mulching, normal sowing-less mulching, normal sowing-no mulching, thereinto, the straw mulching amount of less mulching and more mulching was 3 000, 6 000 kg/hm2, resp. , the more and normal sowing amount was 225, 150 kg/hm2, resp. , to analyze soil water content, soil temperature, soil evaporation, biomass and water use efficiency of winter wheat of different treatments. Re- sult] Straw mulching had more obvious soil moisture preservation effect to surface layer soil than that to deep layer soil, more sowing-less mulching treatment＇ s effect was relatively better, and its soil evaporation amount was also the least, and its winter wheat leaf area index was evident bigger than that of the other treatments. Otherwise, suitable straw mulching adjusted soil temperature change efficiently. Straw mulc- hing might not be able to increase yield, but evidently decreased the total water consumption of winter wheat field, accordingly improving water use efficiency ; more sowing had some contribution for improving yield ; so considering sowing-mulching amount＇ s comprehensive effect, com- bing more sowing amount with less mu],ching density improved yield and water use efficiency in a certain degree. Conclusion ] The more sowing amount and proper mulching density increases winter wheat yield and saves irrigation water, and farmers can get more benefit at the same time.