青海省海南州南部牧区气候变化对畜牧业的影响

利用青海省海南州1961～2010年降水、气温等气象资料及其南部牧区2个牧业气象站的生态观测资料,分析了青海省海南南部牧区气候变化对畜牧业的影响。结果表明,青海省海南南部牧区区域降水量年际变化呈下降趋势。气温年际变化趋势呈上升趋势,增温速度均大于全国增温速度。20世纪70年代以后气候持续偏暖,草地干燥度呈显著上升趋势,使牧区草场生产的数量和质量呈下降趋势,劣质牧草、杂草、毒草比例越来越高,草场生产力进一步下降。由于冬、春季气温升高,降雪量减少,牧区雪灾趋于减少,牲畜的死损率明显减小,幼畜的成活率有所上升。

Effects of Climate Change on Animal Husbandry in Hainan Southern Pastoral Areas of Qinghai Province

Based on 50 years of precipitation, air temperature and other meteorological data in Hainan Prefecture from 1961 to 2010, com- bined with ecological observation data in southern pastoral areas of two animal husbandry weather stations and statistics, climate change on ani- mal husbandry in Hainan southern pastoral areas of Qinghai Province were analyzed and studied. The results showed that： the regional inter- annual precipitation variability in southern pastoral areas of Hainan tends downward. The inter-annual temperature shows upward trend and the rate of temperature increase is greater than the national rate of temperature increase. The warm weather continued in the 1970s, grassland dry- ness was a significant upward trend, caused a downward trend in quantity and quality of pastures productivity and increasing the proportion of low-quality forage, weeds, poisonous weeds, so the pasture productivity declined further. Because winter and spring temperatures rise and snowfall reduces, the pastoral areas snowstorm tends to decline, livestock death and loss rate significantly reduced and the survival rate of young animals increased.