Interactions between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and plant growth-promoting fungi and their significance for enhancing plant growth and suppressing damping-off of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) |
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| Institution: | 1. United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;2. Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;1. Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180 001, India;2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180 001, India;1. School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia;3. Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia;1. Agriculture Faculty of Muhammadiyah University, Makassar;2. Agriculture Faculty of Hasanuddin University, Makassar;3. Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar;1. Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430074, China;2. Soil and Water Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt;3. China Program of International Plant Nutrition Institute, Wuhan 430074, China;4. Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt;5. Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt;6. Benha University, Benha, Al-Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt;7. Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | This study investigated the interactions between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus mosseae and the plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) Penicillium simplicissimum GP17-2 and Trichoderma harzianum GT3-2 in relation to their colonization of roots and the rhizosphere of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), and their effect on plant growth and suppression of the damping-off pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. Combined inoculation of T. harzianum with G. mosseae increased the percentage of AMF root colonization, but the presence of P. simplicissimum had no significant effect on mycorrhizal formation. The existence of G. mosseae decreased the population development of T. harzianum in and/or around the roots, however, growth of P. simplicissimum was not affected. Both PGPF isolates were effective in increasing the plant shoot and root dry weight, G. mosseae, however, was not. Nevertheless, co-inoculation of G. mosseae with T. harzianum synergistically enhanced plant growth. A comparable additive effect on plant growth was not observed when P. simplicissimum was combined with G. mosseae. Treating plants with the PGPF either simultaneously with the pathogen or prior to pathogen infection suppressed damping-off disease. G. mosseae was significantly effective in reducing disease severity when inoculated prior to the pathogen but not when inoculated simultaneously with the pathogen. Interestingly, the levels of disease protection achieved by the single inoculation of P. simplicissimum, T. harzianum or G. mosseae were significantly increased by combined inoculation of each PGPF with G. mosseae. |
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