Characterization of bacteria isolated from maize roots: Emphasis on Serratia and infestation with corn rootworms (Chrysomelidae: Diabrotica) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA;2. Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-1211, USA;1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemical and Biologic Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China;2. Guangxi Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Novel Technology of Applied Electrochemistry, College of Chemical and Biologic Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China;1. BC Tree Fruit Cooperative, 327 Co-op Ave, Oliver, BC, V0H 1T0, Canada;2. Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1853 Bredin Rd, Kelowna, BC, V1Y 7S9, Canada;3. BC Ministry of Agriculture, 200 - 1690, Powick Rd, Kelowna, BC, V1X 7G5, Canada;4. Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Floor 4, Room 400 4321 Still Creek Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5C 6S7, Canada;1. Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I de Castellón, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain;2. Institute for Cereal Crops Improvement, School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;1. Laboratoire de Maitrise des Energies Renouvelables, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria;2. Université de Lausanne, Département de Microbiologie Fondamentale (DMF), Quartier UNIL-Sorge, Batiment Biophore, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;3. Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Larval corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are soil-dwelling insect pests that damage maize (Zea mays L.) by consuming root tissues, thus lowering grain yield. Little is known about interactions between rootworms and soil bacteria, including potential impacts of maize rhizobacteria, such as entomopathogenic Serratia spp., on subterranean rootworm pests. We used selective growth medium (caprylate-thallous agar, CT) to quantify and isolate Serratia spp. from: (1) bulk soil, (2) roots of four field-grown maize genotypes, half of which were infested with rootworm eggs from a reared colony, and (3) non-diseased, larval rootworms from the same colony. Phenotypic testing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to identify bacteria, including non-Serratia spp., that were successfully isolated on the CT solid medium. We also isolated and identified Serratia spp. associated with non-diseased and diseased Diabrotica adults. Serratia spp. associated with maize roots were more abundant than those associated with bulk soil, where they were undetectable with our methods except for Serratia grimesii. There was no impact of plant genotype on densities of bacteria isolated from maize roots. S. grimesii was frequently associated with maize roots, regardless of infestation with rootworm eggs. Serratia marcescens biotype A4, Serratia plymuthica and several other Enterobacteriaceae genera were also associated with maize roots. Infesting the soil with rootworm eggs enhance the occurrence of two strains of the S. marcescens biotype A1b, with comparable densities of these orange and pink strains within infested roots. However, both strains were associated with larval rootworms from the reared colony, which may indicate that rootworms were introducing these bacteria into infested maize roots. In addition, within larvae the orange strain was significantly more abundant than the pink strain, and was also associated with diseased rootworm adults. Our studies identified specific Serratia strains associated with diseased rootworms that may have potential as biological control agents, and additional Serratia biotypes associated with the maize rhizosphere that, based on the literature, may function as plant growth promoting agents via antagonistic action against plant-pathogenic fungi. |
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