不同下垫面对坡面侵蚀特征的影响

为研究不同下垫面对黄土坡面侵蚀特征的影响,2008年在黄河水利科学研究院模型黄河试验基地,用人工降雨的方法研究了黄土坡面小区在不同立地条件和不同雨强下的径流量、侵蚀量.结果表明:在小雨强条件下,裸地和坡耕地的径流量随时间延续逐渐增加,在试验进行到30min左右时达到波动稳定状态,约为10kg/min,约为相同雨强下草地坡面径流量的40倍左右.中雨强时,裸地和农耕地的径流量约是草地径流量的7倍;大雨强时,草地径流量在试验初期呈缓慢增加的态势,在试验进行到12min左右时基本稳定在10kg;裸地和农耕地径流量在试验初期急剧增加,在试验进行到20min左右时达到各自的最高点,然后维持在一个较低的水平.不同下垫面坡面在小雨强时,裸地和农耕地的侵蚀产沙量远远大于草地,约是其20倍,为10kg左右.中雨强时,裸地和农耕地的侵蚀产沙量约是草地的100倍左右;大雨强时,裸地和农耕地的侵蚀量仍远远大于草地的侵蚀量,二者在试验初期急剧增加,在试验进行到18min左右时达到各自的最高点,然后坡面侵蚀量维持在一个较低的水平.综合分析表明,草被覆盖坡面可以防护中小雨强下的土壤流失.

Study on Soil Erosion Sediment Under Different Underlying Horizon

The runoff amount and soil erosion amount on different rainfall and different underlying horizon were analyzed in base of yellow river institute of hydraulic research at 2008.The results show:the runoff of bare slope and farm slope were increasingly with time,they got the steady runoff at experiment 30 min,they are 10 kg/min which is 40 times that of grass slope in small rainfall;the runoff amount of bare slope and farm slope are 7 times that of grass slope in middle rainfall;the runoff of grass slope was s...