酿酒葡萄延迟栽培方式的研究

利用西昌地区丰富的光热资源,以3年生真芳德和梅尔诺为试材,2000年在西昌正大葡萄试验园进行了酿酒葡萄延迟栽培的研究。摘除一次花序,对新梢分别在花后20、40、60、80d进行中梢修剪,逼迫冬芽萌发结果。结果表明:真芳德具有较强的冬芽副梢结果能力。在延迟栽培条件下,两品种的果实成熟期可推迟到11月上中旬。单株产量、果实可溶性固形物含量和总糖的最大值均出现在花后60d的处理中;各处理滴定酸均高于对照;出汁率随处理时间延迟而降低。两品种花后40、60和80d处理的果实黑痘病和白腐病的发生均低于对照。冬芽副梢成熟度良好。结果表明,延迟栽培能够有效调节葡萄成熟期并改善原料质量,但同时也造成产量的下降和生产周期的加长。

The Study on Delayed Viticulture of Wine Grape in Southwestern Hot-dry Valley Region

The research on delayed cultivating mode was done with ''Merlot'' and ''Zinfandel'' that had been cultivated for 3 years in Xi''chang experimental vineyard in 2000.With the first growing bunch removed, shoots were pruned to 3~4 buds at 20d, 40d, 60d and 80d after the first blossoming respectively in order to force the hibernacula to sprout, and then the second fruiting were produced by hibernacula accessory shoots. The results indicated that under the delayed cultivating method; the maturity of two varieties could be postponed to 10~20 in Nov. In the treatments, the maximum data of soluble solids and total sugar appeared in the treatment 60d after blossoming. Fruit soluble solids of ''Merlot'' and ''Zinfandel'' reached 21.2 oBe and 20.5 oBe(CK were 17.6 oBe and 17.4 oBe)and the total sugar content enhanced 36g/L and 35g/L than that of the control respectively, but the total acid was more than CK. The juice yield decreased with treating time postponed. The maximum yield appeared in the treatment after blossoming 60d, which reached 50.7% and 45.7% of CK. The theoretic yields were about 8019kg/hm2 and 4665/hm2 respectively. The infection of fungi disease was lower than the control except the treatment of 20d. It could be concluded that under the delayed cultivating method, the quality of grape would be enhanced greatly and the maturity of the berry regulated effectively, but it made the yield decrease and prolonged the production period.