钾肥对糯玉米籽粒建成及品质形成的影响

以鲜食型糯玉米香白糯为材料,采用小区试验研究了钾肥对秋播鲜食糯籽粒建成及品质形成的影响。结果表明:施用钾肥可使鲜食糯玉米籽粒的鲜重、干重、体积分别提高0.158g/(100粒·d)、0.136g/(100粒·d)、0.130cm3/(100粒·d)速度生长,而籽粒含水率以高于对照0.22个百分点速度脱水。钾肥可明显提高鲜食糯玉米籽粒的赖氨酸、粗蛋白、游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白、脂肪及淀粉含量。钾肥区籽粒的赖氨酸、粗蛋白含量均在授粉14d出现峰值后缓慢下降;籽粒的游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白含量在授粉后14d出现峰值后迅速下降,至授粉后22d,下降速度放慢;籽粒的脂肪、淀粉含量在授粉10d后即呈上升趋势,至授粉后22d,上升趋势放慢。秋播鲜食糯玉米适宜采收期以授粉后22~26d为宜。

Effect of Potassium Fertilizer on Seed Formation and Quality of Zea mays Sinensis

The paper studied the effects of potassium fertilizer on the seed formation and quality of Zea mays Sinensis. The material was "xiangbainuo", a kind of Zea mays Sinensis, sowed in autumn and the experience was designed to do plot test. The results showed: (1) The fresh weight, the dry weight and the volume of seed were all raised than control for 0.158 g/100seed/d, 0.136 g/100seed/d and 0.130 cm3/100seed/d, respectively, while the seed water content was more quickly declined by 0.22%; (2) Potassium fertilizer can help gaining higher the content of lysine, crude protein, free amino acid, soluble protein, Fat and Starch. (3) 14d after being pollinated, lysine and crude protein reached the max volume, then began to decline slowly; the free amino acid and the soluble protein also reached the highest, 14d after being pollinated, but then declined quickly, until the 22 day; Fat and Starch were steadily raised until the 22 day after being pollinated, then slow down. (4) The optimum harvest date of Zea mays Sinensis was the 22-26 day after being pollinated, which sowedin autumn.