床垫软硬度对不同体型人群体压分布的影响

人体体型特征和床垫的软硬度是影响床垫使用舒适性的重要因素。运用人体体压分布测试系统,探究不同软硬度的床垫对仰侧卧姿势下瘦型、中等体型和胖型3种体型受试者体压分布的影响。结果发现,仰侧卧时,瘦型、中等体型和胖型体型受试者肩部、腰部和臀部的接触面积变化趋势一致,均呈现增大趋势。且仰卧下三体型受试者各部位的平均压力的整体变化趋势大致相同,侧卧时仅瘦型和中等体型受试者三部位的平均压力变化趋势大体一致。另外仰卧时床垫硬度的变化对胖型受试者腰部和臀部平均压力影响较大,对瘦型受试者的体压分布面积指数影响较大,对中等体型受试者腰部平均压力影响最小。侧卧时,床垫硬度的变化对胖型受试者腰部的平均压力影响较为显著,对中等体型受试者的三部位平均压力影响最小。

Effect of mattress firmness on body pressure distribution in different body types

Human body type characteristics and mattress firmness are essential factors affecting the comfort of mattress. Utilizing the body pressure distribution measurement system, the effects of different mattress firmness on the body pressure distribution of thin type, medium type and fat type bodies were studied. In the supine and lateral positions, with the decrease of mattress firmness, the variation trends of shoulder contact area among the three body shapes were almost the same. In the supine position, the overall variation trends of the average pressure on shoulder, lumbar and pelvic areas were consistent among the three body shapes, while the pressure was consistent in thin and medium types in the lateral position. In the supine position, the change of mattress firmness had a greater influence on lumbar and pelvic mean pressure of the fat type body and it also impacted on the contact area index of the thin type body, while the least impact on lumbar pressure of the medium type body was observed. In the lateral position, the change of mattress firmness had a significant influence on the lumbar mean pressure of the fat type body, while the least impact on the total pressure of medium type body was observed.