鲆鲽类养殖不同产业链模式的经济效益比较研究

产业结构直接影响产业经济效益,而产业结构是产业链长期发展和优化的产物。产业链越长,分工经济越明显,但随之而来的交易环节增多会导致费用增加,分工带来的经济效益的提升有可能被交易费用的增加所抵消。同一产业内不同养殖户对产业链各环节的不同组合会形成不同的产业链模式。对不同产业链模式经济效益的比较研究,不仅有利于养殖户效益最大化,且有利于产业结构的优化,进而促进整个产业的发展。以我国鲆鲽类养殖为例,基于2013年不同鲆鲽类养殖模式经济效益的跟踪调查,用秩和检验的方法对"育苗+成鱼养殖"模式、"仅育苗"模式及"仅成鱼养殖"模式的成本、收益和资本回报率进行了对比分析。结果显示:(1)专业化分工程度越低的产业链模式,其可变成本越低,固定成本中的要素成本越高;(2)专业化分工程度越高的产业链模式,单位净收益越高,资本回报率越高。基于此,建议管理部门通过合理整顿市场来提高专业化分工程度,为养殖生产者经济效益提供更好的市场环境,建议养殖生产者加强技术创新和科学管理能力从而提高经济效益。

Benefits comparison of different Chinese flatfish fingerling industrial chain modes

The structure of fingerling industry, which derives from the long-term development and optimization of industry chain, directly affects the benefits of aquaculture. The longer the chain, the more obvious economic division could be. However, accompanied by longer chain and increased costs, more attention should be paid to the tradeoff between divisional economic benefits and transaction fees. Comparison of the effectiveness under varying degrees of specialization is conducive to adjust and optimize the industrial structure, with a goal to reach the optimal balance, thus contributing to the development of the industry. In this paper, flatfish is chosen as an example based on the data of year 2013, factor costs, benefits and capital rates of return were compared with each other under two modes: raising fingerlings and adult fish together and raising fingerlings and adult fish separately. The results showed that: (1) Diversification has been in favor of cost-sharing, mainly in lowering variable costs; (2) Under the current technical level, the higher the degree of specialization, the higher unit net income and return on capital higher. Combined with the actual situation, the following recommendations are given :(1) The fewer-capital farmers should invest nursery;(2) The more-capital-farmers should invest adult fish.