不同类型茶园土壤腐殖质剖面分布特征研究

采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,对武夷山市5种主要土壤类型（黄壤、红壤、潮砂土、高山草甸土、紫色土）茶园的土壤腐殖质剖面分布特征进行研究。结果表明,茶园土壤腐殖质各组分含量基本随着土层加深呈减少趋势。不同类型茶园土壤腐殖质的含量和组成存在显著差异,高山草甸土茶园土壤腐殖质及各组分的含量均显著高于其他土壤类型,黄壤和紫色土次之,红壤最低。土壤腐殖质组成中,均以胡敏酸比例最高（57.06%~79.76%）,除高山草甸土外,各土壤中富里酸比例均大于胡敏酸。茶园土壤富里酸的色调系数（△logK）和光密度值（E4/E6）均大于胡敏酸,高山草甸土富里酸和胡敏酸的△logK和E4/E6值最低,土壤腐殖化复杂程度最高;红壤的富里酸和胡敏酸的△logK和E4/E6值最高,土壤腐殖质复杂程度及化学稳定性低。相关分析表明,土壤腐殖质组成与土壤有机碳、酚类含量、全氮、土壤容重和孔隙度存在显著相关性,与土壤C/N、pH和含水率相关性不明显。可见,茶园土壤腐殖质均以胡敏素为主,高山草甸土为胡敏酸型,其余土壤为富里酸型。

The Vertical Characteristics of Soil Humus in Different Soil Types of Tea Garden

Based on the field survey and laboratory analysis, the soil humus composition in five soil types (yellow soil, red earth, moisture sandy soil, alpine meadow soil and purple soil) of tea garden in Wuyishan city were investigated. The results showed that the content of humic acid(HA), fulvic acid(FA) and Humin(HM) decreased with the soil depth. There were significant differences of humus composition among different soil types. The humus composition and carbon level in alpine meadow soil of tea garden were significantly higher than those in other soil types, followed by those in yellow soil and purple soil, the lowest was in red soil. Humin was the main composition of humus(57.06%-79.76%). Except alpine meadow soil, the proportion FA were more than those in HA. The△log K and E4/E6 value of FA was higher than HA. The△log K and E4/E6 value in alpine meadow soil and red soil were the lowest and highest, respectively. The soil humus composition were significantly correlated with soil organic carbon and phenol contents, total N, soil bulk density and soil porosity, but no significant correlated with C/N, pH value and soil moister. Thus, the major type of humus was humin in all five kinds of tea garden soils, alpine meadow soil belonged to the humic acid type soil, and others belonged to fulvic acid enriched soil.