基于景观的干旱区绿洲石河子市绿地结构特征分析

石河子市作为典型干旱区绿洲城市，深居中国内陆，干旱少雨，风大沙多，城市生态系统脆弱。利用遥感影像提取景观斑块，结合景观生态学的理论和方法来分析石河子市绿地景观结构特征。结果表明，各类型绿地面积中以单位附属绿地面积最大，道路绿地次之；公共绿地中以面积>10 000 m²的大型斑块为主，居住区绿地中各级斑块数量相当，但仍是大型斑块所占面积最大；市区绿地景观多样性指数为1.37（最大景观多样性指数为1.79），破碎化指数为22.87个·km^-2，绿地廊道密度指数较高，为2.21 km·km^-2。表明石河子城市绿地景观建设状况良好，但仍应加强居住区绿地景观建设，进一步完善道路绿地建设，提高绿地系统的连通性，提高绿地景观多样性，并注重使用乡土植物。

Analysis of Green Space Structural Features of Shihezi City in Arid Zone Oasis Based on Landscape

As a typical oasis city in arid area，Shihezi is landlocked in China with fragile ecosystem due to the shortage of water and little rainfall, as well as strong wind and much sand. In this paper, landscape patches were extracted from the images of remote sensing to analyze the landscape structure features of green space in the city by applying the theories and methods of landscape ecology. The results showed that the green spaces affiliated to institutions occupied the most, followed by road green space. The large patches (>10 000 m²) were found in public green spaces. The patch numbers with different areas for residential green spaces were approximately equal, however, large patches occupied the most area. The diversity index of green landscape in the city was 1.37（the maximum landscape diversity index was 1.79）, fragmentation index was 22.87 km^-2, and green corridor density index was higher (2.21 km·km^-2). The results demonstrated that generally, the green landscape construction was in good condition in the city. Some suggestions were given, such as to strengthen the construction of the green spaces in residential areas, to improve the road green space construction, to enhance green space system connectivity, to increase green landscape diversity, and to pay more attention to the application of native plants.