陕西红花椒树冠结构对产量的影响

根据花椒树冠结构与产量的关系,确定影响花椒产量的主要结构因素,为丰产管理提供依据。对4个品种(‘大红袍’‘豆椒’‘黄盖狮子头’‘小红袍’)的树龄、地径、树高、冠幅、标准枝(结果枝)数和产量进行调查,分析产量与树冠结构因子的关系。结果表明:(1)花椒适宜栽植密度约50株/666.7m 2,栽植后树高应控制在2.50 m左右;伴随树龄增大各品种冠幅扩张速度虽有差异,但地径年平均约递增0.68 cm/a,各年龄段(3~6 a、7~12 a、13~18 a及19 a以上)冠幅最适扩放幅度为25、20、7及6 cm/a。(2)4个品种的株标准枝数、标准枝果穗数和鲜花椒产量有差异,平均株标准枝数105个、标准枝果穗数16枝、标准枝鲜花椒产量58 g,但株标准枝数与树龄相关性强,标准枝果穗数与树龄、标准枝果穗数与标准枝产量相关性弱。(3)与树龄的相关性地径>株标准枝数>冠幅,树高与株产量无相关性,与株产量的相关性株标准枝数>冠幅>树龄及地径。(4)株标准枝数是制约株产量的重要因素,若x为树龄,则丰产花椒园株标准枝留置模式可选用S-1=2.6817x 1.3160、精细管理高产花椒园可用S-2=12.6700e 0.1304 x。(5)按照666.7 m 2栽植50株进行产量预测结果说明,果穗及花椒颗粒大的‘黄盖大红袍’和‘豆椒’产量高,其次是抽生结果枝数量多的‘大红袍’,而株标准枝上的果穗数对产量影响不大。以上调查研究结果说明,花椒树龄、株标准枝数和冠幅与株产量关联密切,株标准枝数是形成产量的关键因素,果穗和花椒颗粒大、抽生结果枝数量多的品种产量高。

Effect of Crown Structure on Yield of Red Prickly Ash in Shaanxi Province

According to the relationship between crown structure and prickly ash yield,to determine the main structural factors affecting the prickly ash yield,provide basis for high yield management.For analyzing the relationship between yield and crown structure factors,the tree age,near-ground stem diameter,tree height,crown diameter,standard branches(fruit branches)number and yield of 4 breeds(‘Dahongpao’‘Doujiao’‘Huanggaishizitou’‘Xaiohongpao’)were investigated.The results showed that:(1)The suitable planting density of prickly ash is about 50 plants/666.7 m 2,the tree height should be controlled about 2.50 m after planting.With the increase of tree age,the crown expanding speed of each breed was different,however the annual average near-ground stem diameter increased by 0.68 cm/a.The optimum expanding range of the crown width was 25 cm/3~6 a,20 cm/7~12 a,7cm/13~18 a and 6 cm/>19 a in different age groups.(2)There were differences in the standard branches number,the fruiting ear number on the standard branches and the fresh prickly ash yield,there were 105 standard branches per plant,16 fruiting ear per standard branch and 58g fresh prickly ash yield of prickly ash.However,the standard branches number has a high correlation with tree age,the correlation between the fruiting ear number of standard branch with tree age,and the fruiting ear number with its yield of standard branch was weak.(3)The correlation between near-ground stem diameter with tree age>standard branches number with tree age>crown width with tree age,there was no correlation between tree height with plant yield,the correlation between the standard branches number with the plant yield>the crown width with the plant yield>the tree age and the near-ground stem diameter with the plant yield.(4)The standard branches number per plant is an important factor restricting the plant yield.If x is the tree age,the standard branch retention pattern of high-yield prickly ash orchard can be selected as S-1=2.6817x 1.3160,S-2=12.6700 e 0.1304 x can be used for fine management of high yield prickly ash orchard.(5)The results showed that when 50 plants prickly ash were planted for 666.7 m 2,the fruiting ear and fruit granule are large and have high yield of‘Huanggaishizitou’and‘Doujiao’,the fruit-bearing shoots number is large and the yield is high for‘Dahongpao’,however,the panicles number on the standard branch had little effect on the yield.The study indicated that the prickly ash yield was closely related to the tree age,standard branch number and crown width,the standard branches number per plant is the key factor for yield formation,the breeds with big fruiting ear,big fruit granule and many fruit branches had high yield.