基于文献计量学的中国蚁科昆虫研究

为明确中国蚁科昆虫研究方向，采用文献计量学方法回顾了中国蚁类学研究历程，梳理出1758—2018年中国蚁科昆虫研究文献1084篇，分析了国内外研究动态，总结了研究热点，提出了研究方向。结果表明：西方人的研究主要集中于分类学领域，国内的研究分布于应用昆虫学、昆虫分类学、昆虫生态学和昆虫地理学、昆虫生物化学、昆虫细胞学、古昆虫化石、昆虫学综述7个学科领域。从1858年至今，一直有外国学者和旅行者来华采集、研究中国的蚂蚁物种，1940—1984年对中国蚂蚁种类开展修订研究；1985年之后除分类研究外，还拓展到蚂蚁生态学领域。1758—1940年国内学者均未涉足蚁科昆虫的研究，1941年国内才开始蚁科昆虫的研究，1941—1984年间的研究局限于应用昆虫学和昆虫分类学领域。1985年以后，国内蚁科昆虫研究迎来繁荣时期，呈现出3个热点：分类学研究成为基础研究重点；红火蚁入侵中国大陆以来，对该害虫的防控研究成为应用昆虫学研究重点；蚂蚁群落与物种多样性、蚂蚁与其他昆虫互惠共生关系、蚂蚁区系和物种分布格局成为昆虫生态学和昆虫地理学研究重点。与此同时，蚂蚁分子系统学、生物化学、细胞学和化石研究已经起步。根据研究结果，提出了未来中国蚁科昆虫研究的主要方向。

Formicidae Insects Research of China Based on Bibliometrics

To clear future direction of Formicidae insects research of China, the career of myrmecology in China were reviewed through bibliometrics method. Totally, 1084 literatures on Formicidae insects research of China from 1758 to 2018 were selected. The developing trends in China and abroad were analyzed, the hotspots were summarized, and the future directions were proposed. The results show that the researches of foreigners mainly focus on taxonomy, and the investigations in China distributed in the 7 subjects of applied entomology, insect taxonomy, insect ecology & geography, insect biochemistry, insect cytology, ancient insect fossil, and entomological summary. From 1858 to date, foreign researchers and travelers continuously came to China collecting and surveying Chinese ant species. And the Chinese ant species were revised from 1940 to 1984. After 1985, the researches of foreigners expended to ant ecology beside taxonomy. From 1758 to 1940, there was no Chinese set foot in Formicidae insects research. China began her first research on Formicidae insects in 1941, the investigations restricted in applied entomology and insect taxonomy from 1941 to 1984. The flourishing period of Formicidae insects research in China started after 1985, 3 hot directions were presented: taxonomy became hotspot of basic research, the control of Solenopsis invicta became hotspot of applied entomology since invasion of the fire ant to China mainland, and ant community & species diversity, mutualism between ants & other insects, and ant fauna & species distribution patterns became hotspots of insect ecology and geography. Meanwhile, the probes of molecular systematics, biochemistry, cytology and fossil of ants have started. Based on the conclusion, the main directions were proposed for Formicidae insects research of China in future.