重庆四面山不同林地类型优先流特征及染色形态定量评价

以重庆四面山阔叶林、针叶林、灌木林和草地为研究对象，基于碘−淀粉染色示踪试验，借助Adobe Photoshop、IPWIN等图像处理技术和数据处理方法，对土壤优先流特征及其染色形态进行定量评价。结果表明：阔叶林地、针叶林地、灌木林和草地土壤优先流分别在5～25、10～30、10～25 cm和5～20 cm发育明显，各林地垂直剖面总体上均随土层深度增加染色面积比下降。阔叶林和针叶林土壤表层0～10 cm下降迅速，灌木林随土壤深度增加呈现先下降后基本不变再下降的趋势。阔叶林和针叶林总染色面积比高于灌木林和草地，阔叶林的优先流比和优先流长度指数也分别高于针叶林、灌木林和草地。

Characteristics of Preferential Flow and Quantitative Evaluation of Dyeing Morphology in Different Forest Types on Simianshan Mountain in Chongqing

The Iodine−starch staining tracer test was used to quantitatively evaluate the characteristics of soil preferential flow and its staining morphology. With the help of image processing technologies and data processing methods such as Adobe Photoshop and IPWIN, broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest, shrub and grassland of Simianshan Mountain in Chongqing were used as research objects. The results showed that the soil preferential flow of broad-leaved forest land, coniferous forest land, shrub and grassland developed obviously in 5–25, 10–30, 10–25 cm and 5–20 cm, respectively. In general, the ratio of vertical slices of each forestland decreased with the increase of soil depth, the surface layer of broad-leaved forest and coniferous forest decreased rapidly from 0–10 cm; with the increase of soil depth, the shrub decreased first, then basically unchanged, and then decreased.The ratio of total dyeing area of broad-leaved forest and coniferous forest was higher than that of shrub forest and grassland, the preferential flow ratio and length index of broad-leaved forest soil were also higher than those of coniferous forest, shrub and grassland.