口蹄疫自然感染动物与免疫动物鉴别诊断研究进展

口蹄疫是偶蹄动物高度接触性传染病 ,能引起巨大经济损失。国际兽医局将其列为 A类动物传染病之首。除发达国家外 ,大多数发展中国家都采用注射疫苗的办法来控制该病的流行。因此如何区分感染动物和免疫动物是口蹄疫防制中迫切需要解决的问题。目前口蹄疫灭活疫苗的生产工艺可以将绝大部分的非结构蛋白除去 ,因而灭活疫苗免疫动物只能产生结构蛋白抗体 ,而感染动物能产生结构蛋白抗体 ,也能产生非结构蛋白抗体 ,因此 ,检测非结构蛋白抗体为鉴别口蹄疫感染动物与免疫动物提供了美好前景。文章从鉴别诊断的原理 ,非结构蛋白的免疫特性 ,鉴别诊断所面临的问题及解决方案 ,应用非结构蛋白作为鉴别诊断抗原的研究现状等方面进行了综述。

The Research Progress on Differentiation of Foot-and-mouth disease virus Infected from Vaccinated Animals

Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious and economically devastating viral disease of cloven-hoof animals. Except developed countries, foot-and-mouth disease is controlled by vaccination in most developing countries. Here is therefore requirement to develop a method which is able to discriminate animals that have been infected from those that have been vaccinated. Present,vaccines which consist of partly purified inactivated virus preparations induce antibodies principally to the structural proteins of the virus,whereas infected animals produce antibodies to both the structural and non-structural proteins.Therefore,assays which detect antibodies to the non-structural proteins of foot-and-mouth virus offer the most likely prospect of differentiating vaccinated from infected animals.This paper described the principle of differential diagnosis, the immunological characteristic of non-structural proteins of foot-and-mouth disease viruses,the problems associated with the use of non-structural proteins and the methods to solve these problems, and the research condition about using non-structural proteins as the antigen to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals.