塔里木河下游典型地区地下水位和植被对生态输水的积极响应

由于近50年来人类不合理的水土资源和生物资源的开发利用,导致塔里木河下游大西海子水库以下363km河道断流近30年,地下水位大幅度下降,由地下水维系的植被群落出现严重退化,塔里木河下游绿色走廊生态恶化趋势严重。为此,新疆维吾尔自治区人民政府于2000年4月实施了旨在挽救当地生态环境的塔里木河下游应急生态输水工程,从2000年5月开始至2006年9月,由塔里木河流域管理局与巴州、农二师共同组织8次向塔里木河下游生态应急输水。输水后地下水位大幅升高,相应地,塔里木河下游绿色走廊的生态与环境发生了一系列动态变化。本文根据实测数据和前人研究的资料分析基础上,对塔里木河下游典型地区地下水位和植被对生态输水的积极响应进行探讨。

Responses of Ground Water Level and Vegetations of Lower Reaches of Tarim River to the Artificial Flooding

Due to people's excessive using of water and land resources and unreasonable exploitation of biological resources,the lower reaches of Tarim River,which is 360km long,had been completely dry up for nearly 30 years,the ground water level had been dropped rapidly and the vegetation community,which depends on the groundwater,had also been immensely degraded.The government of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region implemented the artificial flooding project in 2004.The Tarim River Basin administrative bureau and Bazhou Second Farming Division had arranged artificial flooding action(altogether 8 times) to the lower reaches of Tarim River from on April 2004 to September 2006.After the artificial flooding,the ground water level elevated largely and correspondingly the eco-environments of green corridor of Tarim River lower reaches improved obviously.In this paper,based on the real data and pervious studied achievements,the responses of typical area's ground water level and vegetations of Tarim River lower reaches to the artificial flooding were analyzed and discussed.