牛印记基因的研究进展

基因组印记是一种表观调控机制，在哺乳动物的发育中具有重要作用。印记基因是仅一方亲本来源的同源基因表达，而来自另一亲本不表达的一种基因。近年来，印记基因被广泛研究。印记基因分为父系印记基因和母系印记基因，其表达具有组织特异性，而且在胚胎不同发育阶段的表达也具有一定差异，胚胎期的营养水平也影响印记基因的表达。DNA甲基化在调控印记基因的表达中起重要作用，影响细胞核移植过程细胞的表观重编程，并影响胎盘及内脏器官的正常发育；基因印记模式的改变也可以引起甲基化的改变进而导致基因印记的丢失等。本文综述了近年来关于牛的印记基因的研究进展情况，为印记基因的后续相关研究工作提供借鉴。

Progress of Cattle Imprinted Genes

Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic regulatory mechanism that plays an important role in mammalian development. An imprinted gene is a gene whose homologous gene is expressed only in one parent, but not in the other parent. In recent years, imprinted genes have been widely studied. Imprinted genes can be divided into paternal imprinted genes and maternal imprinted genes. The expression of imprinted genes is tissue-specific, and the expression of imprinted genes is different in different stages of embryo development, and the nutritional level of embryo also affects the expression of imprinted genes. DNA methylation plays an important role in regulating the expression of imprinted genes, affecting the apparent reprogramming of cells during nuclear transfer, and affecting the normal development of placenta and visceral organs. The change of gene imprinting pattern can also cause the change of methylation, which leads to the loss of gene imprinting. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress of bovine imprinted genes in recent years, so as to provide reference for the subsequent research on imprinted genes.