应用核不育技术根治桑给巴尔采采蝇

:1 994年开始应用昆虫不育技术根治坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔的温古贾岛采采蝇(GlossinaausteniNewstead)项目。该项目在坦桑大陆东北部建立了采采蝇人工大量繁殖、辐射不育设施 ,在温古贾岛上空用轻型飞机航空释放雄性不育采采蝇。在全岛设立多达 70 0个粘虫板 ,监测野生和不育采采蝇种群 ,同时在 38个监测区用MHCT等技术监测采采蝇传播的家畜锥虫病。释放了约 80 0万只雄性不育采采蝇。南半岛不育 /野生的雄蝇比由 1 995年中期前的小于 2 0 / 1上升到大于 1 0 0 / 1 ,导致雌蝇诱导不育率快速上升。野生采采蝇密度于 1 996年初开始急速下降 ,最后 1只野生雄性和雌性采采蝇分别于 1 996年第 32、36周捕获。锥虫病发病率也降至 1 %以下 ,而且仅限于Trypanosomavivax。在最后 1只野生采采蝇捕获约 6代的时间后 ,于 1 997年 1 1月底停止航空释放雄性不育采采蝇 ,经独立专家组评估后 ,正式宣告桑给巴尔采采蝇已被根治

APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR INSECT STERILE TECHNIQUE TO ERADICATE TSETSE FLY ( Glossina austeni Newstead ) ON ZANZIBAR, TANZANIA

After the suppression of tsetse fly Flossina austeni Newstead wild population with application of persistent insecticides on cattle and by deployment of blue insecticide impregnated screeens, an eradication of the tsetse fly project was launched in Zanzibar, Tanzania, in 1994. This includes mass rearing in Tanga and dispersal of gamma sterilised male flies by light aircraft, initially over the southern half of the island, later(since July 1996) over the entire island. Monitoring of the eradication campaign was carried out with about 700( when in maximum) sticky panels set up in strategic regions and by sequence of the tsetse transmitted trypanosomsis disease incidence in sentinel herds in 38 blocks of the island. 8 million of sterile male flies had been released over the island. Ratio of sterilised/wild male flies remained below 20∶1 until mid of 1995. Thereafter, the ratio of >100∶1 was reached in the southern part of the island. This resulted in a rapid increase in the proportion of induced sterile female flies. The apparent density of the indigenous crash in the beginning of 1996 and the last wild male and female flies were trapped in the 32th and 36th week of 1996, respectively. The disease incidence in the sentinel animals was <1%(Jan. 1997) and limited to Trypanosoma vivax. The fly release was ceased in end of Nov. 1997 after 6 generations's time when the last wild fly has been trapped.