施肥对柚木目标树土壤理化性质及其胸径生长的影响

采用L₈（4×2⁴）正交设计开展复合肥、尿素、P₂O₅、生石灰和施肥方式的组合试验；分别于0～20（上层）和20～40（下层）cm取样测定土壤理化性质，分析施肥对49 a生柚木目标树胸径生长和土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明：处理组合0～20 cm土层的pH值、土壤的含水率、容重、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效氮、有效磷和有效钾分别为5.01～5.59、21.5%～26.9%、1.59～1.71 g/m³、23.08～32.89 g/kg、0.123%～0.164%、0.078%～0.173%、1.00%～1.33%、113.5～140.6、10.63～97.09、163～453 mg/kg，0～40 cm的则是4.91～5.41、22.5%～29.5%、1.67～1.79 g/m³、18.57～23.52 g/kg、0.097%～0.122%、0.066%～0.136%、1.02%～1.59%、79.8～154.6、5.9～65.7、121～657 mg/kg；其胸径增长率为4.22%～5.39%，对照仅3.09%。0～20 cm的有机质、全氮、有效氮和有效钾显著或极显著地高于20～40 cm的；土壤的理化性质间呈现复杂的相关性。影响胸径生长的主导因子为复合肥；柚木胸径增长率与土壤全钾和20～40 cm的全氮含量呈极显著和显著的正相关，土壤施肥促进柚木生长，其人工林抚育经营必须关注土壤养分管理。

Effect of Fertilization on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties Involved DBH Growth of Teak Target Tree

In order to detect the effects of the fertilization on the growth of diameter at breast height (DBH) involved physical and chemical properties of the soil for the 49-year-old Tectona grandis target trees, the L8(4×24) orthogonal design was applied to implement a comprehensive trial of compound fertilizer (CF), urea, P2O5, quicklime and fertilizing methods. Soil physical and chemical properties of the treatment combinations (TCs) were measured at 0-20 (upper layer) and 20-40 (lower layer) cm, which were combined with DBH growth to analyze changes and effects of which. It was found that the pH value, moisture content (MC), bulk density (BD), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) of 0-20 cm layer were 5.01-5.59, 21.5%-26.9%, 1.59-1.71 g/m3, 23.08-32.89 g/kg, 0.123%-0.164%, 0.078%-0.173%, 1.00%-1.33%, 113.5-140.6, 10.63-97.09, 163-453 mg/kg, while which of 0-40 cm layer were 4.91-5.41, 22.5%-29.5%, 1.67-1.79 g/m3, 18.57-23.52 g/kg, 0.097%-0.122%, 0.066%-0.136%, 1.02%-1.59%, 79.8-154.6, 5.9-65.7, 121-657 mg/kg, respectively; the DBH growth percents of the TCs were 4.22%-5.39%, while which of the control (ck) was 3.09%. The OM, TN, AN and AK of the 0-20 cm layer were significantly higher than which of the 20-40 cm layer; the physical and chemical properties of the soil showed complex correlation. The dominant factor affecting DBH growth was the CF. Growth percents of teak DBH presented significantly positive relevant with soil TK involved TN contents of the 20-40 cm layer. Soil fertilization promotes teak growth, and the tending of teak plantation must be paid attention to management of soil nutrients.