砂土中铵氮的吸附形态研究

[目的]利用浸提试验研究不同粒径组成的砂土中吸附的铵氮存在形态,为了解铵在包气带中的迁移转化提供参考。[方法]首先用不同初始浓度的NH4Cl溶液浸泡采集于某垃圾填埋场背景区的砂土以及从此砂土中筛分出的粗砂和细砂,再用3种不同浸提能力的浸提剂——水、KCl、CaCl2浸提吸附于土样上的不同形态的铵。[结果]不同浸提剂的浸提能力为：水〈KCl〈CaCl2;当溶液中铵浓度低时,铵优先吸附在矿物的可交换点位,此时铵主要以交换态存在,随着溶液中铵浓度的升高,具备了与矿物内部足够的浓度差驱动力,铵才开始进入2：1型黏土矿物（如伊利石）内部被固定,成为固定态;在粗砂土样中几乎没有固定态铵,即固定态铵主要存在于具有很强吸附能力的2：1型黏土矿物中。[结论]砂土中铵的存在形态与土壤矿物组成和铵的初始浓度密切相关。

Research on the Adsorption States of Ammonium Nitrogen in a Sandy Soil

[Objective] This research aimed to explore the existing forms of ammonium nitrogen adsorbed in a sandy soil with different particle sizes by extraction experiments and provide references for investigating the transport and transformation of the ammonium in the vadose zone.[Method] Sandy soil sample was collected from a landfill and sieved into coarse sand and fine sand.The three kinds of samples were soaked in NH4Cl solution with different initial concentrations,respectively.Then,ammonium adsorbed in soil samples were extracted by three kinds of extraction agents with different extraction capacity,including water,KCl and CaCl2.[Result] The order of extraction capacity of different extraction agents was:water < KCl < CaCl2;when the concentration of ammonium was low in solution,the ammonium preferentially adsorbed in the exchangeable positions of minerals and mainly existed in the form of exchangeable ammonium;with the increase of concentration,ammonium entered inside the 2:1 clay minerals with enough driving force of the concentration differences and existed in the form of fixed ammonium;little fixed ammonium was observed in coarse sand samples,which was mainly existed in 2:1 clay minerals with strong extraction capacity.[Conclusion] The existing forms of ammonium were closely related to the mineral compositions in soil and the initial concentrations of ammonium.