甘蔗品种的AFLP和SSR标记鉴定及其应用

品种遗传多样性和指纹图谱是育种、品种权保护和新品种推广等工作的重要参考和依据。本研究选用38个来自国家甘蔗品种区域试验的甘蔗新品种(系), 以9对AFLP标记扩增出348个位点, 多态性位点248个, 多态性比率为72.26%; 15对SSR标记扩增出180个位点, 多态性位点176个, 多态性比率为97.78%。38个新品种(系)的遗传相似系数分布在0.668~0.847之间, 其箱线图分布特征显示, 其中的FN、MT、YZ、YG、GT等系列品种(系)遗传基础相似。通过UPGMA聚类表明, 可在遗传相似系数为0.732处将38个甘蔗新品种(系)划分为2个群体, 其中福农09-2201和桂糖06-1492作为一个子群体最先被划分出来, 它们在群体中的异质性较强; 另外, 在遗传相似性系数为0.770处划分出一个子群体a, 其中包含参照品种ROC22、福农07-3206、福农40、海蔗22、桂糖09-12、柳城07-150等品种(系)。ROC22具有广适应性和高产高糖等优良特性, 子群体a中的另外几个品种(系)则更有可能拥有这些特性, 具有更高的推广潜力。本研究选择60个SSR位点构建了38个甘蔗新品种(系)的指纹图谱, 对品种鉴定及品种权的保护具有重要作用, 可望直接应用于指导甘蔗种质资源的遗传多样性评价和分子指纹图谱鉴定, 并将为这些品种(系)推广布局或作为杂交亲本利用提供参考和借鉴。

Identification of Sugarcane Varieties by AFLP and SSR Markers and Its Application

Genetic diversity and fingerprint of varieties are crucial reference for breeding, cultivar right protection and new cultivar extension. We used nine pairs of AFLP markers and 15 pairs of SSR markers to scan 38 new sugarcane varieties (lines) from the national variety regional testings, obtaining abundant fingerprint data. Among the total 348 AFLP bands, 248 were polymorphic, with a polymorphism rate of 72.26 %. In addition, among the total 180 SSR bands, 176 were polymorphic, with a polymorphism rate of 97.78 %. The genetic similarity coefficients of these 38 new varieties (lines) were distributed from 0.668 to 0.847. We explored the distribution characteristics of genetic similarity coefficients using the boxplot, observing the genetic basis of five series (FN, MT, YZ, YG, and GT) of the 38 new sugarcane varieties (lines) was approximately similar. The clustering analysis manifested that these 38 new sugarcane varieties (lines) were divided into two groups at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.732, with a subgroup including FN09-2201 and GT06-1492 that had high heterogeneity. Moreover, there was a small subgroup containing ROC22 at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.770. Except for ROC22, the subgroup also contained FN 07-3206, FN 40, HZ 22, GT 09-12, and LC 07-150. ROC22 has wide adaptability, high yield, high sugar content and other excellent characteristics, other varieties (lines) in the same subgroup should be more likely to have these excellent characteristics and higher extention potential. Finally, through selection of 60 efficient amplification sites in the identification of SSR markers, we constructed the fingerprints of these 38 new sugarcane varieties (lines), which should play an important role in variety identification and variety protection. This study is expected to be directly applied to guide the genetic diversity assessment and molecular fingerprinting identification of sugarcane germplasm, and also to provide references for the extention and layout of these varieties or their utilization as hybrid parents.