普通菜豆种质资源不同环境下表型差异及生态适应性评价

2014—2015年在黑龙江哈尔滨、河南南阳、贵州毕节和海南乐东,对686份普通菜豆种质资源的表型鉴定, 旨在明确不同环境下普通菜豆种质资源的12个表型变异及生态适应性, 遴选特异资源, 提高繁种及种质创新的效率。结果表明, 乐东是南美洲普通菜豆种质资源良好的繁育基地, 而毕节是国内普通菜豆种质资源较好的繁育基地。参试群体内不同的种质资源间表型差异明显, 4个试点平均各性状变异系数介于8.11%~70.83%之间, 其中株高的差异最大, 变异系数为70.83%。百粒重的遗传力最大, 为0.73; 遗传力最小的性状是播种至开花时间, 仅为0.01。性状间的相关性及通径分析表明, 单株荚数对单株产量的贡献最大。遴选出具有矮秆、大粒、早熟等特性的种质218份, 其中, 9份同时具有3种特异性状, 53份同时具有2种特异性状。

Adaptability and Phenotypic Variations of Agronomic Traits in Common Bean Germplasm Resources in Different Environments

This study aimed at evaluating the phenotypic variation and environmental adaptability of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm resources. Twelve traits of 686 accessions of common bean were assessed in Harbin of Heihongjiang province, Nanyang of Henan province, Bijie of Guizhou province and Ledong of Hainan province in 2014-2015. The results showed that Ledong was the best location for the reproduction of germplasm resources from South America and Bijie was the best location for the reproduction of Chinese germplasm resources. There were large variations in the 12 traits among the 686 common bean germplasm resources and the average (across locations) coefficients of variation ranged from 8.11% of growth duration to 70.83% of plant height. Hundred-seed weight showed the highest heritability of 0.73, whereas days from sowing to flowering showed the lowest one of 0.01. The correlation and path analysis revealed that number of pods per plant was the most important factor affecting the yield per plant. Two hundred and eighteen specific germplasm resources were identified with dwarf, large-seed, and early maturity and so on, among which nine had three favorable traits and 53 had two favorable traits simultaneously.