不同种植方式对旱地玉米产量的影响

在甘肃庆阳市开展了不同种植方式对旱地玉米产量及产量相关因子的影响试验,以探讨旱地玉米的高产栽培模式。试验以5个优良品种:郑单958(C1)、东单13号(C2)、登海1号(C3)、登海3521(C4)、先玉335(C5)为材料,采用裂-裂区设计,在膜侧种植(A1),膜上种植(A2),露地种植(A3)3种不同种植方式和35 cm(B1),20 cm和50 cm交替使用(B2)2种株距条件下,对种植方式、株距、品种及三者之间互作效应与玉米产量的关系进行研究,分析其对玉米生育期、产量及产量性状的影响。结果表明:膜侧种植(A1)、膜上种植(A2)与露地种植(A3)比玉米各生育期显著提前,出苗期分别提前2.0 d和1.2 d,成熟期则分别提前7.4 d和11.4 d。两种株距对生育期影响不大。膜侧种植(A1)、膜上种植(A2)玉米产量及百粒重显著高于露地种植(A3),分别增产543.0 kg·hm~(-2)和432.6 kg·hm~(-2),百粒重分别提高了2.36 g和1.82 g。5个品种中登海3521在两年试验中产量显著高于其它品种,平均产量达到11 051.15 kg·hm~(-2)。总种植密度不变情况下,株距与品种之间表现出交互作用,B1×C4连续两年获得高产,平均产量达到11 039.7 kg·hm~(-2),不等距种植可以使玉米增产,但不是适用于所有品种,大穗稀植型品种登海3521(C4)在等距种植条件下才能获得高产。

Effect of planting patterns on yield of different maize cultivars

A field experiment of split-split plot design was carried out in Qingyang, Gansu Province, to evaluate the effects of five maize cultivars, Zhengdan 958 (C1), Dongdan 13(C2), Denghai 1 (C3), Denghai 3521(C4) and Jade 335 (C5), with three planting patterns with film side planting (A1), planting on membrane (A2) and open field planting (A3) and two row spacing with 35 cm (B1) and alternated between 20 cm and 50 cm (B2) during maize growth stage. The results showed that two planting pattern of out plastic film (A1) and on plastic film (A2) shorten the growth stage respectively compared with open field cultivation, with the emergence days reduced by 2.0 d and 1.2 d, the mature days 7.4 d and 11.4 d. Two row spacing had no marked influence on growth stage. 100-seed weight of planting pattern of A1 and A2 had higher than open field planting, as increased by 2.36 g and 1.82 g respectively. Denghai 3521 (C4) had the highest yield in two-year experiment, with the average yield of 11 051.15 kg·hm^-2. Interactions were detected between row spacing and cultivars, and B1×C4 treatment had the highest yield of 11 039.7 kg·hm^-2.