果树类型及配置方式对南疆间作棉花产量品质及经济效益的影响研究（英文）

目的]选取苹果、香梨、桃、杏、核桃、红枣等果树,在南疆果棉间作生态区,研究开展间作果树类型对棉花生长的影响,为形成稳定、高效的配置结构,以及制订系统科学的管理措施提供理论依据。方法]以生产中的主要种植模式为研究对象,采用大田随机区组设计,在关键生育时期,调查棉花的主要生长指标、冠层微气象指标、产量指标及纤维品质指标。结果]遮荫对棉花冠层微环境的改变显著,树冠直径与遮荫效果呈加性效益,同一树种间比较,冠层微环境的变化幅度依次为冠下〉冠外〉中间测点,不同树种间比较,冠层微环境变化幅度依次为桃树〉香梨〉苹果〉桃核〉红枣。树冠直径与果枝台数、单株结铃数的下降呈正比,遮荫是造成产量下降的主要原因。树冠增大导致棉花冠层光强、冠层温度降低,冠层湿度升高,微环境因子的改变对棉纤维品质的形成具有影响作用。结论]对间作棉花产量、品质及冠层环境综合指标较为有利的果树依次为红枣〉桃核〉苹果〉香梨〉桃树,生产中采用红枣等冠层较小的树种或适度修剪营养枝,能够提高棉花产量,改善纤维品质。

Influence of Fruit Tree Types and Arrangements on Yield,Quality and Economic Returns of Cotton of Intercropping System in Southern Xinjiang

Objective] The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for stable and highly effective intercropping arrangements and scientific management measures by selecting apple, pear, peach, apricot, walnut, jujube and other fruit trees to study their influence on yield, fiber quality and economic returns of intercropped cotton in southern Xinjiang. Method] Based on major cropping pattern in production, randomized block design was adopted to explore growth indicators, canopy micrometeorological indicators, yield and fiber quality in key growth stage. Result] Shading has a significant effect on cotton canopy micro-environment and canopy diameter is proportional to shading effect. According to comparisons of the same tree type, the change of canopy micro-environment was as follows： under canopyouter canopymiddle points and peachpearapplewalnutjujube for comparisons among different tree types. Canopy diameter is directly proportional to the number of tree branch and boll weight reductions and shading is the main cause of yield reduction. The canopy expansion is the major cause of decline of light intensity, temperature and humidity of cotton canopy. Conclusion] Fruit trees, which will promote cotton yield,quality and canopy-environment, are as follows： jujube walnut apple pear peach trees. In practice, trees, which are small in canopy or well trimmed, are popular in production, such as jujube trees, to improve cotton yield and fiber quality.