氮肥运筹对玉米氮素动态变化和氮肥利用的影响（英文）

[目的]探讨氮肥运筹对雨养条件下玉米氮素动态变化和氮肥利用的影响,以期为雨养条件下玉米单产进一步突破提供理论依据与技术支撑。[方法]选择先玉335作为试验材料,设置两个播种密度（8.5万株/hm2和9.5万株/hm2）。化肥施用总量一定,磷钾肥作为底肥施入,氮肥按不同比例分期施用,以尿素作为追肥肥料,在拔节期和吐丝期施入。分别于拔节期、吐丝期、吐丝后15 d、吐丝后30d、吐丝后45 d、吐丝后60 d测量叶、茎、鞘、苞叶、籽粒、穗轴、雄穗和花丝的氮含量。[结果]氮素积累量在吐丝后45 d前后达到最大;高密度有利于氮量积累;植株总氮量与产量呈正相关,高密度下相关系数大;高密度下籽粒氮含量和氮收获指数均与产量呈显著正相关性;吐丝期氮肥比例相对高有利于叶片和穗部（籽粒＋苞叶＋穗轴）氮素在生育后期的积累及茎鞘氮素的转运,前期氮肥比例大易造成穗部氮代谢延后。氮素吸收高峰在吐丝到吐丝后15 d;吐丝期氮肥比例高的施肥方式提高了生育后期的氮素吸收速率,在较高密度下吸收速率前移。[结论]氮肥施用比例适当后移,对氮肥利用有利;前期氮素累积太多对后期氮素吸收利用有抑制作用。

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Nitrogen Dynamic Changes and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Maize

[Objective] This study and nitrogen use efficiency in aimed to investigate the nitrogen dynamic changes maize under different nitrogen application patterns. [Method] Maize cultivar Xianyu 335 was selected as the experimental material and was planted at two densities 85 000 and 95 000 plants/hm2. The total amount of fertilizers applied kept constant. The nitrogen content in leaves, stems, sheathes, husks, grains, cobs, tassels and filaments of maize plants in jointing stage, silking stage, 15, 30, 45 and 60 d after silking stage was measured. [Result] Total nitrogen content in maize plant reached the peak around 45 d after silking stage and a higher population was helpful to nitrogen accumulation. Total nitrogen content of maize plant was positively correlated with yield and it got closer in higher popula- tion. Grain nitrogen content and nitrogen harvest index were significantly positively correlated with yield in higher population. High ratio of nitrogen fertilizer in silking stage was beneficial to nitrogen accumulation in leaf and ear, as well as nitrogen translocation in stem and sheath, but high ratio of nitrogen fertilizer in earlier stage delayed nitrogen metabolism. Nitrogen uptake peak was from silking stage to 15 d after silking stage, and nitrogen uptake rate increased high ratio of nitrogen fertilizer was applied in later growth stages and moved forward in higher plant population. [Conclusion] It was advantaged for nitrogen fertilizer efficiency on condition that ni- trogen application was moved backward. Accumulating too much nitrogen in earlier stages inhibited nitrogen uptake in later periods